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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19)</text>
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                <text>Paul E Marik, Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, John D Catravas, Max Berrill</text>
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                <text>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an emergent global threat which is straining worldwide healthcare capacity. As of May 27th, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 340,000 deaths worldwide, with 100,000 deaths in the US alone. It is imperative to study and develop pharmacological treatments suitable for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Ascorbic acid is a crucial vitamin necessary for the correct functioning of the immune system. It plays a role in stress response and has shown promising results when administered to the critically ill. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid whose antiviral properties have been investigated in numerous studies. There is evidence that vitamin C and quercetin co-administration exerts a synergistic antiviral action due to overlapping antiviral and immunomodulatory properties and the capacity of ascorbate to recycle quercetin, increasing its efficacy. Safe, cheap interventions which have a sound biological rationale should be prioritized for experimental use in the current context of a global health pandemic. We present the current evidence for the use of vitamin C and quercetin both for prophylaxis in high-risk populations and for the treatment of COVID-19 patients as an adjunct to promising pharmacological agents such as Remdesivir or convalescent plasma.</text>
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                <text>Flavonoids, vitamin C, quercetin, antiviral, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Immunology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Immunologic diseases. Allergy</text>
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                <text>Membrane–initiated estradiol signaling regulating sexual receptivity</text>
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                <text>Paul E. Micevych, Phoebe eDewing</text>
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                <text>Estradiol has profound actions on the structure and function of the nervous system. In addition to nuclear actions that directly modulate gene expression, the idea that estradiol can rapidly activate cell signaling by binding to membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) has emerged. Even the regulation of sexual receptivity, an action previously thought to be completely regulated by nuclear ERs, has been shown to have a membrane-initiated estradiol signaling (MIES) component. This highlighted the question of the nature of mERs. Several candidates have been proposed, ERα, ERβ, ER-X, GPR30 (G protein coupled estrogen receptor; GPER), and a receptor activated by a diphenylacrylamide compound, STX. Although each of these receptors has been shown to be active in specific assays, we present evidence for and against their participation in sexual receptivity by acting in the lordosis-regulating circuit. The initial MIES that activates the circuit is in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). Using both activation of μ-opioid receptors (MOR) in the medial preoptic nucleus and lordosis behavior, we document that both ERα and the STX receptor participate in the required MIES. ERα and the STX receptor activation of cell signaling are dependent on the transactivation of type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1a) that augment progesterone synthesis in astrocytes and protein kinase C (PKC) in ARH neurons. While estradiol-induced sexual receptivity does not depend on neuroprogesterone, proceptive behaviors do. Moreover, the ERα and the STX receptor activation of medial preoptic MORs and augmentation of lordosis were sensitive to mGluR1a blockade. These observations suggest a common mechanism through which mERs are coupled to intracellular signaling cascades, not just in regulating reproduction, but in actions throughout the neuraxis including the cortex, hippocampus, striatum and DRGs.</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>Cell Signaling, estrogen receptor, Neurosteroids, Lordosis behavior, neuroprogesterone, STX</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00026</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Endocrinology</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology</text>
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                <text>Paediatric research in the times of COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>Paul F Fleming, Chris Gale, Eleanor J Molloy, Saul N Faust, Kate Costeloe, Edmund Juszczak, Charles C Roehr</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic poses many direct and indirect consequences for children's health and associated research. Direct consequences include participation of children in COVID-19 research trials, pausing other research in children and the potential implications of a global economic downturn on future research funding. Collaborative and networked research together with streamlined research processes and use of remote technology have been central to efforts by clinicians and scientists around the world and have proved essential for reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. IMPACT: Maintain streamlined and efficient approaches to research governance and data sharing to facilitate high-quality collaborative research. Ensure early inclusion of children in trials of therapies for diseases that affect all age groups. Paediatric Research Societies should co-ordinate effective processes to define key research questions and develop multinational clinical trials for diagnostics, therapeutics and preventative strategies for infants, children and young people.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.1038/s41390-021-01479-6</text>
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                <text>Pediatric research</text>
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                <text>Varcare la soglia: il digitale nel catalogo, alcune riflessioni</text>
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                <text>Paul Gabriele Weston, Agnese Galeffi</text>
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                <text>L'esperienza vissuta dalle biblioteche, specie di pubblica lettura, nel periodo del Covid-19 e la lettura di tre libri sul catalogo e la catalogazione hanno messo in luce alcuni limiti nel modo in cui il digitale viene trattato all'interno dei cataloghi. In particolare, appaiono particolarmente contraddittori e causa di disorientamento da parte dei lettori i criteri adottati per segnalare e descrivere le riproduzioni digitali di edizioni cartacee e le edizioni digitali nel pubblico dominio. Fino a oggi ha prevalso il presupposto che una riproduzione digitale abbia le medesime caratteristiche di una fotocopia, di un microfilm o di una microfiche. Nuovi dispositivi software, unitamente alla manipolabilità del digitale, fanno sì che tra la riproduzione analogica e quella elettronica esistano differenze tali da richiedere che quest'ultima venga trattata a fini catalografici in modo assai diverso. Le caratteristiche dell'oggetto digitale meritano di essere descritte allo stesso modo di quelle dell'originale cartaceo, in primo luogo perché hanno conseguenze non banali sul modo in cui il lettore ne può fruire e in secondo luogo perché possono essere esse stesse oggetto di ricerca, eventualmente come elemento filtro nell'impostazione dell'interrogazione. Ulteriore elemento di riflessione sono le conseguenze derivanti dall'evoluzione di dispositivi di rappresentazione volti a favorire la convergenza nel catalogo di risorse di nature anche molto differenti da quella bibliografica con l’obiettivo di fare del catalogo stesso uno degli strumenti per l'organizzazione semantica de web. Non essere partiti da una preventiva riflessione sui principi della catalogazione e sulla funzione del catalogo, ma aver seguito un approccio sostanzialmente pragmatico rischia di svuotare il catalogo delle sue prerogative e di favorire la sostituzione del servizio offerto dalle biblioteche con quello di soggetti che non hanno le medesime finalità culturali e sociali. </text>
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                <text>cataloguing practice, digital objects cataloguing, cataloguing principles and functions</text>
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                <text>10.2426/aibstudi-12260</text>
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                <text>AIB Studi</text>
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                <text>Associazione italiana biblioteche</text>
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                <text>Bibliography. Library science. Information resources</text>
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                <text>Paul K. S. Chan, Ka-Fai To, Alan Wu, Gary MK Tse, Kui-Fat Chan, Siu-Fai Lui, Joseph J. Y. Sung, John S. Tam, Brian Tomlinson</text>
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                <text>Whether severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection can be asymptomatic is unclear. We examined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV among 674 healthcare workers from a hospital in which a SARS outbreak had occurred. A total of 353 (52%) experienced mild self-limiting illnesses, and 321 (48%) were asymptomatic throughout the course of these observations. None of these healthcare workers had antibody to SARS CoV, indicating that subclinical or mild infection attributable to SARS CoV in adults is rare.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20712">
                <text>Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20713">
                <text>Paul K. S. Chan, Wing-Kin To, King-Cheung Ng, Rebecca K. Y. Lam, Tak-Keung Ng, Rickjason C. W. Chan, Alan Wu, Wai-Cho Yu, Nelson Lee, David S.C. Hui, Sik To Lai, Ellis K. L. Hon, Chi-kong Li, Joseph J. Y. Sung, John S. Tam</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20714">
                <text>The virologic test results of 415 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were examined. The peak detection rate for SARS-associated coronavirus occurred at week 2 after illness onset for respiratory specimens, at weeks 2 to 3 for stool or rectal swab specimens, and at week 4 for urine specimens. The latest stool sample that was positive by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was collected on day 75 while the patient was receiving intensive care. Tracheal aspirate and stool samples had a higher diagnostic yield (RT-PCR average positive rate for first 2 weeks: 66.7% and 56.5%, respectively). Pooled throat and nasal swabs, rectal swab, nasal swab, throat swab, and nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens provided a moderate yield (29.7%–40.0%), whereas throat washing and urine specimens showed a lower yield (17.3% and 4.5%). The collection procedures for stool and pooled nasal and throat swab specimens were the least likely to transmit infection, and the combination gave the highest yield for coronavirus detection by RT-PCR. Positive virologic test results in patient groups were associated with mechanical ventilation or death (p &lt; 0.001), suggesting a correlation between viral load and disease severity.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20715">
                <text>2004</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20716">
                <text>coronavirus, diagnosis, Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, SARS, virus isolation, viral shedding</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20717">
                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid1005.030682</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20718">
                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20719">
                <text>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20720">
                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20721">
                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
