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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Low cost automation of artificial illumination for broilers</text>
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                <text>Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza Borges, Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza Morais, Ronei Lopes dos Santos, Zaíra Morais dos Santos Hurtado de Mendoza, Charles Esteffan Cavalcante, Felipe Schmitz Ruver</text>
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                <text>The main purpose of lighting programs in aviaries is to stimulate food consumption at the right moment to improve performance, as it provides access to birds for water and feed. These programs are important in the early stages of birds development, since they facilitate their adaptation to the environment. This research aimed to develop an automated system of low cost to control and monitor the light program in facilities for poultry cutting. Through a light sensor connected to an Arduino microcontroller, it was possible to drive and control two lighting circuits to maintain adequate values of the luminous flux and the photoperiod required by the birds, according to their age. The values were established based on the consulted bibliographical references. For the correct system functioning, a flowchart for a computational program and its implementation in the C language were elaborated, using the development environment of the microcontroller. During the tests, the system controlled the circuits and saved the data as expected, showing good performance. It was concluded that, it was possible the automation in small farms to control and monitor the program of light in the cutting poultry. The proposed system could reduce the energy consumption in the property, because the circuits were activated to complete the photoperiod required by the birds. This work will serve as a useful and viable tool to contribute to the sustainability of poultry enterprises because of minimizing the production costs of this sector.</text>
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                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Arduino, Programa de Luz, avicultura de corte</text>
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                <text>Revista Eletrônica Competências Digitais para Agricultura Familiar</text>
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                <text>Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho</text>
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                <text>Automated Lowcost System for Farmers: Control and monitoring of the thermal environment in swine breeding</text>
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                <text>Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza Borges, Zaíra Morais dos Santos Hurtado Mendoza, Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza Morais, Ronei Lopes dos Santos</text>
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                <text>The present work aimed to develop an automated system of low cost to monitor and control the thermal environment of pig facilities. Through sensors connected to an Arduino micro-controller, it was possible to drive fans and/or nebulisers to maintain adequate temperature and relative humidity values, depending on the requirements of the animal. These values were established based on the enthalpy inside the shed, recommended by the consulted bibliographical references. For the correct functioning of the system, the flowchart and the corresponding implementation of the computer program in the C language were elaborated, using the development environment of the micro-controller itself. During the tests, the system activated the equipment and stored the data as expected, showing good performance. As a conclusion, the proposed system reduced the consumption of water and energy, proving its efficiency. This research will serve as a useful and viable tool for pig farmers contributing to the reduction of costs and the sustainability of their enterprises.</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Arduino, conforto animal, pecuária, sustentabilidade</text>
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                <text>Revista Eletrônica Competências Digitais para Agricultura Familiar</text>
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                <text>Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho</text>
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                <text>Los movimientos por la solidaridad; ¿un nuevo modelo de acción colectiva?</text>
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                <text>Pedro Ibarra</text>
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                <text>Este texto sostiene que aquellos movimientos sociales que tienen la solidaridad como objetivo, cooperación con el Tercer Mundo, antirracismo, etc, muestran ciertas pautas de conducta diferentes respecto a las que caracterizan al conjunto de los movimientos sociales. Asimismo , se formula en él la hipótesis que estas distintas formas de acción son también utilizadas en otras demandas sociales (ámbito del trabajo, la ecología, etc.) y que, por lo tanto, el objeto de estudio no es sólo un específico movimiento social , sino quizás una nueva y genérica forma de acción colectiva</text>
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                <text>1999</text>
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                <text>Acción Colectiva, Movimientos sociales, Tercer Mundo, solidaridad</text>
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                <text>Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (REIS)</text>
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                <text>Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://reis.cis.es/REIS/PDF/REIS_088_10.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://reis.cis.es/REIS/PDF/REIS_088_10.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Pedro Jacobi</text>
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                <text>A reflexão sobre as práticas sociais, em um contexto marcado pela degradação permanente do meio ambiente e do seu ecossistema, cria uma necessária articulação com a produção de sentidos sobre a educação ambiental. A dimensão ambiental configura-se crescentemente como uma questão que diz respeito a um conjunto de atores do universo educativo, potencializando o envolvimento dos diversos sistemas de conhecimento, a capacitação de profissionais e a comunidade universitária numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. O desafio que se coloca é de formular uma educação ambiental que seja crítica e inovadora em dois níveis: formal e não formal. Assim, ela deve ser acima de tudo um ato político voltado para a transformação social. O seu enfoque deve buscar uma perspectiva de ação holística que relaciona o homem, a natureza e o universo, tendo como referência que os recursos naturais se esgotam e que o principal responsável pela sua degradação é o ser humano.</text>
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                <text>2003</text>
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                <text>10.1590/S0100-15742003000100008</text>
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                <text>Cadernos de Pesquisa</text>
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                <text>Fundação Carlos Chagas</text>
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                <text>Sociology (General), Special aspects of education</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cp/n118/16834.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cp/n118/16834.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación es establecer la siembra de cultivos organopónicos como praxis del docente centrado en estrategia de aprendizaje motivacional dirigido a estudiantes para evitar el ausentismo escolar, además de identificar las causas y consecuencias de esta situación problemática, evidenciada en los registros de control llevados diariamente y se debe atender en virtud del ascenso de inasistencia estudiantil. El docente tutor, el coordinador de nivel, pedagogía social, bienestar estudiantil y representantes deben activar un plan en pro del cumplimiento de las normativas legales vigentes. El ausentismo escolar afecta la calidad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes trae como consecuencia el bajo rendimiento escolar, dificultad para comunicarse, debilidades en el trabajo de equipo y conflictos con la comunidad en general. Se busca promover en los estudiantes la participación en los procesos de aprendizaje, asistiendo permanentemente a las actividades escolares.  Las estrategias utilizadas se enmarcaron en un plan de acción que incluye diferentes actividades. La metodología estuvo centrada en la investigación acción, centrados en la Teoría de los intereses constitutivos de saberes de Habermas (1968), con bases legales, aportando reflexiones conclusivas que permiten sensibilizar a la colectividad en general sobre esta debilidad que atenta contra la educación como una oportunidad para aprender ciencias, artes y oficios para la vida.</text>
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                <text>Instituto Internacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico Educativo</text>
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                <text>Aplicación de bioestimulantes a vitroplantas de plátano (Musa sp. )</text>
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                <text>La investigación se realizó durante los meses de febrero - abril del 2016, en áreas del Centro de Aclimatación de vitroplantas de la Biofábrica, perteneciente a la Empresa de Semillas de Camagüey, con el objetivo de aplicar diferentes bioestimulantes y evaluar los indicadores de crecimiento que provengan de las aplicaciones de las alternativas bioorgánicas en el cultivo de vitroplantas de Plátano (Musa sp.). Para la realización del experimento se utilizaron bolsas de polietileno y el sustrato que se utilizó como soporte de las plantas estuvo conformado por un 50% de humus de lombriz y 50% de compost, se sembró la variedad FHIA-03, utilizándose un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Se emplearon el humus líquido natural (HLN), el humus líquido mejorado (HLM) y el humus líquido fortificado (HLF), como productos bio orgánicos, y se midió la altura de las plantas, grosor del tallo y el número de hojas. Los datos se sometieron al análisis de varianza mediante el paquete estadístico SSPS Versión 11.5.1 para Windows, y en el caso de  diferencias significativas se aplicó la prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan (p:0,05). La aplicación de los productos bio orgánicos compuestos por HLF logró los mayores beneficios para el cultivo en los indicadores evaluados.</text>
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                <text>Bioestimulantes, Musa, humus líquido, vitroplantas</text>
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                <text>Agrisost</text>
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                <text>Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz</text>
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                <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.reduc.edu.cu/index.php/agrisost/article/view/2086" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.reduc.edu.cu/index.php/agrisost/article/view/2086&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Effects of climate change on hydrological planning: Proposal actions in the Guadalhorce River Basin / Efectos del cambio climático en la planificación hidrológica: propuesta de actuación en la cuenca del río Guadalhorce</text>
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                <text>Pedro Jiménez-Fernández, Alberto Jimenez-Madrid, German Gemár</text>
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                <text>The Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates an increase in average temperatures and a 10–20% precipitation decrease for the Mediterranean region, which will likely generate drought events in the Guadalorce River watershed. This study attempts to determinate the potential impacts that climate change may have on water resources. The Guadalhorce River basin is the most important in Malaga (southern region of Spain) and supplies water to more than 10 000 ha of crops and Malaga city. The degree to which climate change-driven droughts will alter water resource supplies and demands were evaluated. Resulting social and environmental implications were also determined.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2019</text>
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                <text>climate change, governance, guadalhorce river, hydrological planning, water resource</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Tecnología y ciencias del agua</text>
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                <text>Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Hydraulic engineering, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.revistatyca.org.mx/ojs/index.php/tyca/article/view/1513" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.revistatyca.org.mx/ojs/index.php/tyca/article/view/1513&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>CAMBIOS EN DIVERSIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PECES NATIVOS CON LA PRESENCIA DE DOS ESPECIES INVASORAS EN EL RÍO ATACAMES, NOROCCIDENTE DEL ECUADOR</text>
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                <text>Pedro Jorge Jiménez Prado, Fernando Welington Vásquez Galarza</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La interpretación de la diversidad biológica puede resultar muy compleja, ya que existe una dinámica basada en el origen y en la diversificación de las especies, así como en los efectos antrópicos, tales como la introducción de especies invasoras, cuya consecuencia puede conducir a la extinción local de especies nativas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la variación temporal (2012 y 2017), tanto en composición como en distribución de la ictiofauna a lo largo del río Atacames, noroccidente del Ecuador. En 2012 se registró: 1) la presencia de Astyanax ruberrimus que se extinguió localmente para el 2017; y 2) la presencia de la tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) como única especie introducida a la que se sumó el guppy (Poecilia gillii) para el 2017. Adicionalmente, el aumento en las actividades humanas condujo a un arreglo en la diversidad, abundancia y distribución de peces a lo largo del cauce, lo que determinó además que algunas especies se dispersaran hacia la zona alta de la cuenca.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Neotrópico, Teleostei, biodiversidad, ecología acuática</text>
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                <text>10.15446/abc.v26n1.81888</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Acta Biológica Colombiana</text>
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                <text>Universidad Nacional de Colombia</text>
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                <text>Biology (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/article/view/81888" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/actabiol/article/view/81888&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211251">
                <text>Volumen maderable de mangle negro (Avicennia germinans L.) impactado por herbivoria de Anacamptodes sp en Cárdenas Tabasco</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211252">
                <text>Pedro José Toruño, Ángel Sol-Sánchez, Facundo Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Gloria Isela Hernández-Melchor, Luis Felipe Zamora Cornelio, Oreste Sardiñas Gómez, Carlos Rivera</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211253">
                <text>El presente trabajo se realizó en el ejido las coloradas, Cárdenas, Tabasco, con el objetivo de cuantificar el volumen maderable del mangle negro (Avicennia germinans (L.) L., afectado y muerto por la oruga de Anacamptodes sp., durante 2010-2011. Se establecieron 10 unidades de muestreo (UM) de forma rectangular de 20 x 50 m para evaluación permanente. Se registró el estado sanitario de los árboles, el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP 13 m), la altura total y altura del fuste limpio (Ht y Hfl). Se calculó el área basal (AB m2ha-1), Volumen total y del fuste limpio (Vt y Vfl m3ha-1) y se estimó la densidad de árboles por especie. Los valores obtenidos se arreglaron en clases diamétricas con una amplitud de 5 cm. Se realizó un análisis de correlación lineal simple entre la altura y el DAP. En total se evaluaron 1,831 árboles de tres especies, tres géneros y tres familias botánicas. El mangle negro representó 99.6% del total de árboles evaluados; la densidad varió de 750 hasta 2,520 árboles por ha-1. El 42.9% de los árboles registrados mostraban partes vivas y el 57.1% estaban totalmente muertos. Específicamente, el mangle negro registró un Vt de 68.3 m3 ha-1, Vfl de 24.6 m3 ha-1y un AB de 12.4 m2 ha-1. La categoría de 5 - 9.9 cm de DAP registró el 45% de los árboles identificados. La correlación del DAP y la altura del mangle negro, fue moderada positiva significativa (r² = 0.5313, p = 2.2 e-16).   </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211254">
                <text>2015</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211255">
                <text>Anacamptodes, Mangle Negro, herbivoría, volumen maderable</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211256">
                <text>10.5377/ribcc.v1i1.2145</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211257">
                <text>Revista Iberoamericana de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climàtico</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211258">
                <text>Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211259">
                <text>Economic theory. Demography, Meteorology. Climatology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211260">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/11" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/article/view/11&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/2fa5bacf7e431b6902dc0f3f2c9e8c79.pdf</src>
        <authentication>e87be76fa34af0d809e4d2e6cf7f3894</authentication>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88121">
                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148238">
                <text>ADOPCIÓN DE DOS SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS ADAPTATIVOS: GRANOS BÁSICOS CON ÁRBOLES DISPERSOS Y GRANOS BÁSICOS EN CALLEJONES MEJORADOS EN LA ZONA SECA DE NICARAGUA, 2006-2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148239">
                <text>Pedro José Toruño, Carlos Ernesto Mendoza Ríos</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148240">
                <text>En la actualidad no existe ningún registro de estudios de aceptación y/o adopción de sistemas agroforestales o bien sobre las obras físicas, prácticas y tecnologías de conservación de suelo y agua de parte de agricultores que tienen establecidos estos sistemas de producción de alguno de los siete municipios de la zona seca del occidente de Nicaragua, de ahí la necesidad de realizar estudios de aceptación y adopción en la zona. Los objetivos del estudio fueron describir las obras agronómicas y físicas de conservación de suelo más utilizadas por los agricultores en los sistemas productivos adaptativos de Granos Básicos con Árboles Dispersos (GBAD), y Granos Básicos en Callejones Mejorados (GBCM), y evaluar el grado de aceptación y adopción de los dos sistemas productivos adaptativos promovidos por el Proyecto Manejo Sostenible de la Tierra (MST); y ejecutado por las familias productoras de siete municipios de la zona seca de León, Chinandega y un municipio de Managua en el período 2006-2008. Este estudio es descriptivo y de corte transversal con valoraciones cualitativas y cuantitativas en relación al uso actual y potencial de los sistemas productivos. La metodología de investigación utilizada fue la del análisis de la toma de decisiones por medio del método rápido de sistemas diversos. Dicha metodología está diseñada para tomar decisiones utilizando indicadores sencillos para priorizar los problemas a nivel de finca con base a tres criterios: prioridad, capacidad de manejo y disposición del medio. Para evaluar el grado de aceptación y adopción se utilizó la metodología del Programa para la Agricultura Sostenible en Laderas de Centro América PASOLAC. Los agricultores que poseen grandes extensiones de tierra fueron los que menos adoptaron y aceptaron las tecnologías difundidas, mientras que agricultores con fincas de menor extensión territorial mostraron mayor grado de aceptación y adopción de los Sistemas Agroforestales (SAF). Los organismos capacitadores que han tenido mayor presencia en las zonas de estudio son el Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), junto al proyecto MST, estos han ido de la mano para la divulgación de las nuevas tecnologías. Menor presencia tuvo el organismo Unidad Ambiental (UAM). La adopción de ambos sistemas agroforestales fue de 100 % en casi todos los municipios. Un consolidado de la adopción de todos los municipios muestra que 73% de los mismos han adoptado ambos sistemas (GBAD y GBCM). Un alto porcentaje de los agricultores encuestados mantienen las tecnologías promovidas, expandiendo así ambos sistemas agroforestales en sus parcelas productivas, logrando un manejo sostenible de la tierra.  Palabras clave: sistemas productivos en laderas, adopción de tecnologías, sistemas agroforestales  Abreviaturas: GBAD, Granos Básicos con Árboles Dispersos, GBCM, Granos Básicos en Callejones Mejorados, SAF, Sistemas Agroforestales, MST, Manejo Sostenible de la Tierra.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148241">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148242">
                <text>La Calera</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148243">
                <text>Universidad Nacional Agraria</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148244">
                <text>Agriculture (General), Agriculture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="148245">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://lacalera.una.edu.ni/index.php/CALERA/article/view/191" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://lacalera.una.edu.ni/index.php/CALERA/article/view/191&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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