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                <text>Best practices for standardized performance testing of infrared thermographs intended for fever screening.</text>
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                <text>Pejman Ghassemi, T. Joshua Pfefer, Jon P Casamento, Rob Simpson, Quanzeng Wang</text>
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                <text>Infrared (IR) modalities represent the only currently viable mass fever screening approaches for outbreaks of infectious disease pandemics such as Ebola virus disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Non-contact IR thermometers (NCITs) and IR thermographs (IRTs) have been used for fever screening in public areas such as airports. While NCITs remain a more popular choice than IRTs, there has been increasing evidences in the literature that IRTs can provide great accuracy in estimating body temperature if qualified systems are used and appropriate procedures are consistently applied. In this study, we addressed the issue of IRT qualification by implementing and evaluating a battery of test methods for objective, quantitative assessment of IRT performance based on a recent international standard (IEC 80601-2-59). We tested two commercial IRTs to evaluate their stability and drift, image uniformity, minimum resolvable temperature difference, and radiometric temperature laboratory accuracy. Based on these tests, we illustrated how experimental and data processing procedures could affect results, and suggested methods for clarifying and optimizing test methods. Overall, the insights into thermograph standardization and acquisition methods provided by this study may improve the utility of IR thermography and aid in comparing IRT performance, thus improving the potential for producing high quality disease pandemic countermeasures.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203302</text>
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                <text>PLoS ONE</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Do Microorganisms Have a Role in Neuropsychiatric Diseases?</text>
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                <text>Pelin Yuksel, Bekir Kocazeybek</text>
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                <text>The importance of enviromental factors in the development of psychiatric diseases are well known. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the role of infections in neuropsychiatric disorders. The infectious hypothesis, which is particularly strong for schizophrenia, is based more on scientific clinical observations and retrospective cohort seroepidemiological studies rather than specific pathological findings at the molecular level. Research in this field has focused on identifying an infectious etiopathology for three neuropsychiatric diseases. In schizophrenia a strong association has been found between Toxoplasma gondii infection and disease. However, additional infectious agents like Borna disease vırus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, measles, influenza, other respiratory viruses, Coronaviruses, human endogenous retrovırus, West Nile viruses, cytomegalovirus, are also proposed to play a role in the etiopathogenesis in this disease. A similar association between bipolar disorder and viruses/other infectious agents has been reported. This work has mainly concentrated on T. gondii and the members of the Herpesviridae family, herpes simplex virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus. A few reports in the literature have also found a relationship between major depression and human endogenous retroviruses. In conclusion, when investigating the relationship between neuropsychiatric diseases (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression) and infection, we suggest that a series of prospective long-term studies with large cohorts are necessary to unravel the etiology of these disorders.</text>
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                <text>Schizopherina, Bipolar disorder, major depression, infectious agents</text>
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                <text>Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi</text>
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                <text>Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Assessed by Four Chemiluminescence Immunoassays and One Immunocromatography Test for SARS-Cov-2</text>
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                <text>Pellegrino Cerino, Alfonso Gallo, Biancamaria Pierri, Biancamaria Pierri, Carlo Buonerba, Carlo Buonerba, Denise Di Concilio, Maria Concetta Cuomo, Lucia Vassallo, Gabriella Lo Conte, Annachiara Coppola, Antonio Pizzolante, Giovanni Boccia, Veronica Ferrucci, Luigi Atripaldi, Maria Triassi, Daniela Pacella, Michele Cennamo, Paolo Romano, Teresa Maria Sorbo, Alessandro Furno, Oriana Catapano, Aldo Contina, Giuseppe Perruolo, Maurizio D'Amora, Daniela Terracciano, Giuseppe Portella</text>
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                <text>The onset of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus encouraged the development of new serologic tests that could be additional and complementary to real-time RT-PCR-based assays. In such a context, the study of performances of available tests is urgently needed, as their use has just been initiated for seroprevalence assessment. The aim of this study was to compare four chemiluminescence immunoassays and one immunochromatography test for SARS-Cov-2 antibodies for the evaluation of the degree of diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Salerno Province (Campania Region, Italy). A total of 3,185 specimens from citizens were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as part of a screening program. Four automated immunoassays (Abbott and Liaison SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG and Roche and Siemens SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgM/IgG/IgA assays) and one lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA Technogenetics IgG–IgM COVID-19) were used. Seroprevalence in the entire cohort was 2.41, 2.10, 1.82, and 1.85% according to the Liaison IgG, Abbott IgG, Siemens, and Roche total Ig tests, respectively. When we explored the agreement among the rapid tests and the serologic assays, we reported good agreement for Abbott, Siemens, and Roche (Cohen's Kappa coefficient 0.69, 0.67, and 0.67, respectively), whereas we found moderate agreement for Liaison (Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.58). Our study showed that Abbott and Liaison SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG, Roche and Siemens SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgM/IgG/IgA assays, and LFIA Technogenetics IgG-IgM COVID-19 have good agreement in seroprevalence assessment. In addition, our findings indicate that the prevalence of IgG and total Ig antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at the time of the study was as low as around 3%, likely explaining the amplitude of the current second wave.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>seroprevalence, SARS-CoV-2, Serological test, immunoassays, rapid tests</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fpubh.2021.649781</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Efficient Mining of Variants From Trios for Ventricular Septal Defect Association Study</text>
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                <text>Peng Jiang, Yaofei Hu, Yiqi Wang, JIN ZHANG, Qinghong Zhu, Lin Bai, Qiang Tong, Tao Li, Liang Zhao</text>
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                <text>Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a fatal congenital heart disease showing severe consequence in affected infants. Early diagnosis plays an important role, particularly through genetic variants. Existing panel-based approaches of variants mining suffer from shortage of large panels, costly sequencing, and missing rare variants. Although a trio-based method alleviates these limitations to some extent, it is agnostic to novel mutations and computational intensive. Considering these limitations, we are studying a novel variants mining algorithm from trio-based sequencing data and apply it on a VSD trio to identify associated mutations. Our approach starts with irrelevant k-mer filtering from sequences of a trio via a newly conceived coupled Bloom Filter, then corrects sequencing errors by using a statistical approach and extends kept k-mers into long sequences. These extended sequences are used as input for variants needed. Later, the obtained variants are comprehensively analyzed against existing databases to mine VSD-related mutations. Experiments show that our trio-based algorithm narrows down candidate coding genes and lncRNAs by about 10- and 5-folds comparing with single sequence-based approaches, respectively. Meanwhile, our algorithm is 10 times faster and 2 magnitudes memory-frugal compared with existing state-of-the-art approach. By applying our approach to a VSD trio, we fish out an unreported gene—CD80, a combination of two genes—MYBPC3 and TRDN and a lncRNA—NONHSAT096266.2, which are highly likely to be VSD-related.</text>
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                <text>trio-sequencing, k-mer filtering, Variant calling, Ventricular septal defect, Association study, long non-coding RNA</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00670</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Genetics</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Michael Peng,1 Jiannong Dai,1 Chenna Kesavulu Sugali,1 Naga Pradeep Rayana,1 Weiming Mao1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene &amp;amp; Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USACorrespondence: Weiming MaoDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USATel +1 317-278-0801Email weimmao@iu.eduAbstract: The current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 21 million people and caused over half a million deaths within a few months. COVID-19 has become one of the most severe public health crises in recent years. Compared to other pathogenic coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly infectious. Due to the lack of specific and effective treatment or vaccines, disease prevention and early detection are essential for establishing guidelines to mitigate further spread. The potential role of the ocular system in COVID-19 is still not clear but it has gained increasing attention. Here, we reviewed both clinical and research evidence on the ocular manifestations associated with COVID-19, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular surface tissues and tears, and the potential role of the eye in contracting SARS-CoV-2.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, eye, transmission, ACE2</text>
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                <text>Abstract Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes diarrhea in pigs and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in sucking piglets. S1 is one of two protein domains in the spike (S) glycoprotein and is responsible for enteric tropism, sialic acid recognition, and host receptor binding. Although there has been extensive research on the S1 protein of TGEV, little is known about the intracellular role of TGEV-S1. In the present study, we used yeast two-hybrid screening of a cDNA library from porcine intestinal cells to identify proteins that interact with TGEV-S1. Among 120 positive clones from the library, 12 intracellular proteins were identified after sequencing and a BLAST search. These intracellular proteins are involved in protein synthesis and degradation, biological signal transduction, and negative control of signaling pathways. Using a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay and Co-IP, we found that UBXN1 interacts with the S1 protein. Here, we observed that TGEV infection led to increased UBXN1 expression levels during the late phase of infection in IPEC-J2 cells. Inhibition of UBXN1 in IPEC-J2 cells via siRNA interference significantly decreased the viral titer and downregulated the expression of S1. UBXN1 overexpression significantly increased the viral copy number. Additionally, we provided data suggesting that UBXN1 negatively regulates IFN-β expression after TGEV infection. Finally, our research indicated that UBXN1 plays a vital role in the process of TGEV infection, making it a candidate target for the development of a novel antiviral method.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6881">
                <text>2019</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6882">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0648-9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6883">
                <text>Veterinary Research</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6884">
                <text>BMC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6885">
                <text>Veterinary medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6886">
                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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        <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/045a39042546a68af5e5e33c6a15270e.pdf</src>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23362">
                <text>View of Pakistani Residents toward Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) during a Rapid Outbreak: A Rapid Online Survey</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23363">
                <text>Pengchao Li, Sen Xu, Yu Fang, Panpan Zhai, Meagen Rosenthal, Khezar Hayat, Muhammad Arshed, Gebrehaweria  Kassa Desalegn</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23364">
                <text>Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a deadly disease that is affecting most of the countries worldwide. Public understanding, including knowledge about signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, and hygiene of COVID-19, is vital for designing effective control strategies during a public health crisis. The current study is aimed at investigating the public’s perspective about COVID-19, including their knowledge, attitude, and practices. Methods: A rapid online survey comprising 21 items was administered during the rapid outbreak of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Questions were focused on the prevention, transmission, clinical features, and control of COVID-19. In addition, the attitudes and practices of the participants were explored. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and regression analysis were carried out during data analysis. Results: A total of 1257 respondents participated in this study. Most of the respondents had good knowledge (good = 64.8%, average = 30.5%, poor = 4.7%) of COVID-19. Gender, marital status, education, and residence were observed to have a significant association with the knowledge score. A vast majority of the survey respondents (77.0%) believed that COVID-19 would be controlled successfully in Pakistan. The practices of wearing a mask (85.8%) and handwashing (88.1%) were common among the participants. Conclusion: The participants demonstrated good knowledge and reasonable attitudes and practices toward most aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak. Improvements in certain areas could be made by mass-level education.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23365">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23366">
                <text>infection, Knowledge, Pakistan, coronavirus, COVID-19</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23367">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103347</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23368">
                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23369">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23370">
                <text>Medicine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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