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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide</text>
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                <text>Ravendra  P. Chauhan, Michelle  L. Gordon</text>
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                <text>The global anxiety and a significant threat to public health due to the current COVID-19 pandemic reiterate the need for active surveillance for the zoonotic virus diseases of pandemic potential. Influenza virus due to its wide host range and zoonotic potential poses such a significant threat to public health. Swine serve as a “mixing vessel” for influenza virus reassortment and evolution which as a result may facilitate the emergence of new strains or subtypes of zoonotic potential. In this context, the currently available scientific data hold a high significance to unravel influenza virus epidemiology and evolution. With this objective, the current systematic review summarizes the original research articles and case reports of all the four types of influenza viruses reported in swine populations worldwide. A total of 281 articles were found eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and hence were included in this systematic review. The highest number of research articles (n = 107) were reported from Asia, followed by Americas (n = 97), Europe (n = 55), Africa (n = 18), and Australia (n = 4). The H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were the most common influenza A virus subtypes reported in swine in most countries across the globe, however, few strains of influenza B, C, and D viruses were also reported in certain countries. Multiple reports of the avian influenza virus strains documented in the last two decades in swine in China, the United States, Canada, South Korea, Nigeria, and Egypt provided the evidence of interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from birds to swine. Inter-species transmission of equine influenza virus H3N8 from horse to swine in China expanded the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. Additionally, numerous reports of the double and triple-reassortant strains which emerged due to reassortments among avian, human, and swine strains within swine further increased the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. These findings are alarming hence active surveillance should be in place to prevent future influenza pandemics.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>influenza A virus, swine influenza virus, influenza C virus, influenza B virus, influenza d virus, avian-origin influenza virus</text>
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                <text>10.3390/pathogens9050355</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Ravendra  P. Chauhan, Zelalem G. Dessie, Ayman Noreddin, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty</text>
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                <text>Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040301</text>
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                <text>Pathogens</text>
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                <text>EN</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Emerging Treatment and Prevention Strategies against COVID-19: A Brief Update</text>
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                <text>Ravikant Kumar, Ashis K. Jha, Mahes K. Goenka, Vishwa M. Dayal</text>
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                <text>Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at significantly increased risk for mortality and morbidity. Current management remains supportive care, ranging from symptomatic outpatient management to full–intensive care support, including intravenous fluids, invasive, and non-invasive oxygen supplementation. In patients with septic shock, treatment with antibiotics and vasopressors are recommended to keep mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mm Hg and lactate &lt; 2 mmol/L. Because of the lack of effectiveness and possible adverse effects, routine corticosteroids should be avoided unless they are indicated for another reason (exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and septic shock in whom fluids and vasopressors do not restore hemodynamic stability). There is currently no sufficient evidence of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, remdesivir, and other antivirals in the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Limited evidence shows that COVID-19 convalescent plasma can be used as a treatment of COVID-19 without the occurrence of severe adverse events. Drug regulatory agencies granted an emergency-use authorization of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir to treat patients when a clinical trial is not available or participation is not feasible. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are associated with QT interval prolongation and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Guidelines are issued for use of convalescent plasma in patients with serious or immediately life-threatening COVID-19. Data from several ongoing randomized controlled trials will provide further evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>vaccines, chloroquine, World Health Organization, hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, remdesivir, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, novel coronavirus disease 2019</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712547</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Journal of Digestive Endoscopy</text>
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                <text>Thieme Publishers</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology</text>
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                <text>Overview of Plant-Derived Vaccine Antigens: Dengue Virus</text>
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                <text>Ravindra B Malabadi, Advaita Ganguly, Jaime A Teixeira da Silva, Archana Parashar, Mavanur R Suresh, Hoon Sunwoo</text>
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                <text>ABSTRACT - This review highlights the advantages and current status of plant-derived vaccine development with special reference to the dengue virus. There are numerous problems involved in dengue vaccine development, and there is no vaccine against all four dengue serotypes. Dengue vaccine development using traditional approaches has not been satisfactory in terms of inducing neutralizing antibodies. Recently, these issues were addressed by showing a very good response to inducing neutralizing antibodies by plant-derived dengue vaccine antigens. This indicates the feasibility of using plant-derived vaccine antigens as a low-cost method to combat dengue and other infectious diseases. The application of new methods and strategies such as dendritic cell targeting in cancer therapy, severe acute respiratory syndrome, tuberculosis, human immune deficiency virus, and malaria might play an important role. These new methods are more efficient than traditional protocols. It is expected that in the near future, plant-derived vaccine antigens or antibodies will play an important role in the control of human infectious diseases.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>10.18433/J3401K</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Pharmacy and materia medica</text>
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                <text>SARS-CoV-2 endgame: attitudes and predictions of Australian and New Zealand infectious diseases and microbiology specialists.</text>
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                <text>Ravindra Dotel, Matthew V N O'Sullivan, Nicky Gilroy, Shobini Sivagnanam, Joshua S Davis</text>
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                <text>10.1111/imj.14985</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Internal medicine journal</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>La política ecológica y la gestión ambiental en un mundo en desarrollo</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191499">
                <text>Raymond L. Bryant</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Este artículo aborda diversos aspectos clave de la gestión ambiental en el mundo en desarrollo desde la perspectiva de la ecología política. Comienza con un breve repaso de la evolución de la ecología política. Posteriormente se abordan dos casos de estudio en el Sudeste de Asia con el fin de explorar espacios de confrontación y espacios de cooperación que aglutinan elementos clave de la historia y la actualidad de la gestión ambiental en el mundo en desarrollo. En este proceso el artículo concluye que las multifacéticos políticas de transacción que tienen lugar en el mundo no pueden ser transformadas simplemente a través de apolíticas llamadas a “salvar la naturaleza”.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191501">
                <text>2008</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Burma, Ecologia Política, Filipinas, Gestión Ambiental, espacios de confrontación y cooperación, mundo en desarrollo</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.3989/arbor.2008.i729.157</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191504">
                <text>Arbor: Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191505">
                <text>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>General Works</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191507">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/157" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/157&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26369">
                <text>Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26370">
                <text>Raymond Pranata, Ian Huang</text>
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                <text>Abstract Objective Clinical and laboratory biomarkers to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are essential in this pandemic situation of which resource allocation must be urgently prepared especially in the context of respiratory support readiness. Lymphocyte count has been a marker of interest since the first COVID-19 publication. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association of lymphocyte count on admission and the severity of COVID-19. We would also like to analyze whether patient characteristics such as age and comorbidities affect the relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19. Methods Comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar. Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. Inverse variance method was used to obtain mean differences and its standard deviations. Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis regardless of heterogeneity. Restricted-maximum likelihood random-effects meta-regression was performed for age, gender, cardiac comorbidity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and smoking. Results There were a total of 3099 patients from 24 studies. Meta-analysis showed that patients with poor outcome have a lower lymphocyte count (mean difference − 361.06 μL [− 439.18, − 282.95], p &lt; 0.001; I 2 84%) compared to those with good outcome. Subgroup analysis showed lower lymphocyte count in patients who died (mean difference − 395.35 μL [− 165.64, − 625.07], p &lt; 0.001; I 2 87%), experienced ARDS (mean difference − 377.56 μL [− 271.89, − 483.22], p &lt; 0.001; I 2 0%), received ICU care (mean difference − 376.53 μL [− 682.84, − 70.22], p = 0.02; I 2 89%), and have severe COVID-19 (mean difference − 353.34 μL [− 250.94, − 455.73], p &lt; 0.001; I 2 85%). Lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 3.70 [2.44, 5.63], p &lt; 0.001; I 2 40%). Meta-regression showed that the association between lymphocyte count and composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034). Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that lymphopenia on admission was associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26372">
                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26373">
                <text>coronavirus, lymphopenia, Lymphocyte count, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26374">
                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26375">
                <text>Journal of Intensive Care</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26376">
                <text>BMC</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26377">
                <text>Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7026">
                <text>Index Patient and SARS Outbreak in Hong Kong</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7027">
                <text>Raymond S.M. Wong, David S. Hui</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7028">
                <text>During the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, treatment was empiric. We report the case history of the index patient in a hospital outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong. The patient recovered after conventional antimicrobial therapy. Further studies are needed to address treatment of SARS, which has high attack and death rates.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7029">
                <text>2004</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7030">
                <text>severe acute respiratory syndrome, Antiviral Agents, treatment, Hong Kong</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7031">
                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid1002.030645</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7034">
                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Preparedness for molecular testing of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus among laboratories in the Western Pacific Region</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5531">
                <text>Raynal C Squires, Frank Konings</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>MERS-CoV, western pacific region, molecular testing, coronavirus, survey, Middle East respiratory syndrome, preparedness</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5534">
                <text>DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.3.001</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="5535">
                <text>Western Pacific Surveillance and Response</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>World Health Organization</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Medicine</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN, ZH</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Challenges of Zakat Integration as Source of State Revenue</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56577">
                <text>Raynal Yasni, Agam Reynaldi Reza Erlanda</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>In the era of new public financial management, where society participation and cost sharing in public goods provision are inevitably pursued by government, some sources can still be explored such as zakat, infaq, and sadaqah as social awareness activities for Muslims that are prevalent in the community. There are also other donations on the basis of certain motivations which can reduce the burden of tax revenue to support public policy. The phenomenon of mutual cooperation and caring to help others through social donations emerged even more apparent when the Covid-19 pandemic entered a period of social restrictions. This study aims to examine the challenges faced in integrating zakat as an alternate state revenue. The method used is descriptive qualitative using primary data in the form of semi-structured interviews. Determination of the source of data on the interviewee is done purposively. They are chosen to represent zakat practitioners, representatives of government and taxation institutions, and academics. The results showed various challenges in integrating zakat as an alternative source of state revenue, namely uniting government programs with receivers, distribution process, strong zakat institutions, supervisory institutions, public trust, increased compliance, issues on state ideology, alignment of rules with other religious communities, revenue earmarking, and spending flexibility.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="56580">
                <text>budget, taxation, zakat, state revenue</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Economic theory. Demography</text>
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