1714 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/bad83323990f51cae20eae61818e0754.pdf 7b1c2a0091b3056794c2bbebe2c431bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 UK Lockdown Forecasts and R0 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Greg Dropkin Description An account of the resource Introduction: The first reported UK case of COVID-19 occurred on 30 January 2020. A lockdown from 24 March was partially relaxed on 10 May. One model to forecast disease spread depends on clinical parameters and transmission rates. Output includes the basic reproduction number R0 and the log growth rate r in the exponential phase.Methods: Office for National Statistics data on deaths in England and Wales is used to estimate r. A likelihood for the transmission parameters is defined from a gaussian density for r using the mean and standard error of the estimate. Parameter samples from the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm lead to an estimate and credible interval for R0 and forecasts for cases and deaths.Results: The UK initial log growth rate is r = 0.254 with s.e. 0.004. R0 = 6.94 with 95% CI (6.52, 7.39). In a 12 week lockdown from 24 March with transmission parameters reduced throughout to 5% of their previous values, peaks of around 90,000 severely and 25,000 critically ill patients, and 44,000 cumulative deaths are expected by 16 June. With transmission rising from 5% in mid-April to reach 30%, 50,000 deaths and 475,000 active cases are expected in mid-June. Had such a lockdown begun on 17 March, around 30,000 (28,000, 32,000) fewer cumulative deaths would be expected by 9 June.Discussion: The R0 estimate is compatible with some international estimates but over twice the value quoted by the UK government. An earlier lockdown could have saved many thousands of lives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Modelling, Bayesian, forecast, UK, NHS, COVID-19 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00256 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Public Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/0a989791252a98030736b4f72b6c0cb8.pdf 519bcfa0d6101e66b77070aa218082e2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medical and Paramedical Care of Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Seven Practical Recommendations of the COVID 19 Cerebellum Task Force Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aasef G. Shaikh, Elan D Louis, Michael Strupp, Hiroshi Mitoma, Mario Manto, Frank Van Overwalle, Bing-Wen Soong, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Marios Hadjivassiliou, Nicolas Dupré, Marco Molinari Description An account of the resource The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the cause of the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily targets the respiratory system. Some patients also experience neurological signs and symptoms ranging from anosmia, ageusia, headache, nausea, and vomiting to confusion, encephalitis, and stroke. Approximately 36% of those with severe COVID-19 experience neurological complications. The virus may enter the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve in the nasal cavity and damage neurons in the brainstem nuclei involved in the regulation of respiration. Patients with cerebellar ataxia (CA) are particularly vulnerable to severe outcome if they contract COVID-19 because of the complexity of their disease, the presence of comorbidities, and their use of immunosuppressive therapies. Most CA patients burdened by progressive neurologic deficits have substantially impaired mobility and other essential functions, for which they rely heavily on ambulatory services, including rehabilitation and psychosocial care. Cessation of these interventions because of isolation restrictions places the CA patient population at risk of further deterioration. This international panel of ataxia experts provides recommendations for neurologists caring for patients with CA, emphasizing a pro-active approach designed to maintain their autonomy and well-being: continue long-term medications, promote rehabilitation efforts, utilize the technology of virtual visits for regular contact with healthcare providers, and pay attention to emotional and psychosocial health. Neurologists should play an active role in decision-making in those CA cases requiring escalation to intensive care and resuscitation. Multi-disciplinary collaboration between care teams is always important, and never more so than in the context of the current pandemic. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource ataxia, Cerebellum, Therapies, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00516 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Neurology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/3e8ee6c6d4d874d9a4d231f47f5b911c.pdf 62dba88077f9ad339cacdc0686976d6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Biology of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein That Can Help Defend Against Viruses and Bacteria Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Etheresia Pretorius, Douglas B. Kell, Eugene L. Heyden Description An account of the resource Lactoferrin is a nutrient classically found in mammalian milk. It binds iron and is transferred via a variety of receptors into and between cells, serum, bile, and cerebrospinal fluid. It has important immunological properties, and is both antibacterial and antiviral. In particular, there is evidence that it can bind to at least some of the receptors used by coronaviruses and thereby block their entry. Of importance are Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) and the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as based on other activities lactoferrin might prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from attaching to the host cells. Lactoferrin (and more specifically enteric-coated LF because of increased bioavailability) may consequently be of preventive and therapeutic value during the present COVID-19 pandemic. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Iron, coronaviruses, Lactoferrin, membrane receptors, HSPGs Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01221 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Immunology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/305fdaf39a008a53b6086ede7c7bcefb.pdf 00a47cc456af59ccdddce2f46b15d222 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 among Old Adult Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review Study Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Abdolrahim Asadollahi, Ogholgol Ghajari, Farzaneh Kasraie Description An account of the resource Background: COVID-19[1] is a new infectious disease that has been declared by WHO[2]  as a public health emergency worldwide due to its rapid spread to China and then to other parts of the world. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical manifestations of this disease in the elderly. Methods: We performed a systematic review on the database of the World Health Organization, CDC[3], PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and lancet. All of the articles published until March 15, 2020, have been extracted from the above articles in English on coronavirus infection, disease, virology, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of the disease. Of the 1376 articles, 5 were selected out of recently published articles focusing on the epidemiological information of the virus, pneumonia caused by new corona virus, and the effects of the disease on different age groups, especially the elderly, and the rest were excluded from the review. The mean age of the patients, the mean age of mortality and the  underlying diseases were chosen as the criteria of data extraction. Findings:  Based on the researchers' perceptions of the text of the articles, 342 cases were included in these 5 studies. The mean age of the patients was 58.4 and that of the diceased patients was 66.5. More than 50% of the total cases had one or more underlying diseases.  Conclusion: Despite the involvement of various age groups in this infection, the virus is most likely to cause severe complications and fatalities in older people with underlying diseases. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource vulnerability, older adults, COVID-19, New coronavirus, global pandemic Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.30476/jhsss.2020.85959.1080 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/93e1232b1ed63e851c82bb8c4db7b750.pdf 18e17151e562efb1a149706792b2f0de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La enseñanza de ELE en línea ante emergencia de salud pública. Estudio de caso: China Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liu Liu Description An account of the resource Hoy día no se puede tratar la enseñanza de una lengua extranjera al margen de Internet y las nuevas tecnologías, puesto que las nuevas modalidades basadas en ellas están teniendo y van a tener un papel preponderante. La repentina emergencia de salud pública causada por la COVID-19 obliga a las instituciones educativas a suspender las actividades académicas y convierte las clases presenciales en la enseñanza-aprendizaje en línea, lo cual cambia la forma en que se imparte la educación y al mismo tiempo posibilita investigaciones sobre la plena implementación de esta modalidad y discusión sobre su factibilidad. El presente estudio tiene la finalidad de manifestar la situación actual de China, encontrar problemas y proponer soluciones a los mismos, de manera que tiene carácter descriptivo. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Simulación virtual, On-line education, MOOC, ELE, virtual simulation, Educación en línea, Spanish teaching, COVID-19 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived marcoELE. Revista de Didáctica Español Lengua Extranjera Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MarcoELE Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Language and Literature https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/0d349a9a2a6e6fc44589cff3293f5bbb.pdf 95e2f14a580ce1e40932fc9fb1998a7f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource KSR/KSTR Guidelines for the Use of Diagnostic Imaging for COVID-19 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chul Hwan Park, Kyung-Hyun Do, Hwan Seok Yong, Soon Ho Yoon, Kwang Nam Jin, Kyongmin Sarah Beck Description An account of the resource The Korean Society of Radiology and the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology have preparedrecommendations for the use of diagnostic imaging for COVID-19 in various clinical scenarios.We have tried to grasp the situation in the real world, aggregated opinions from the chest radiologists,and reviewed available references, in order to suggest the most reasonable recommendationspossible at this moment. As circumstances change and new evidences emerge,the recommendations should immediately be modified accordingly. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, guideline, Republic of Korea, diagnostic imaging, COVID-19 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2020.81.3.577 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 대한영상의학회지 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Korean Society of Radiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/dea8af22ac1f221a8868f1af5fca2170.pdf 5ce8b68b28f810731b534e2f01f38438 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Content-Based and Cognitive-Linguistic Analysis of Cell Membrane Biology: Educational Reconstruction of Scientific Conceptions Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fredrik Rusk, Denis Messig, Jorge Groß, Leonie Johann Description An account of the resource By means of their pivotal role in the outbreak of a variety of diseases, such as, recently, COVID-19, the molecular aspects of cell membrane function have gained considerable attention from researchers in recent decades. The resulting information explosion and the growing interdisciplinary character of cell biology seems, however, to not be represented in science classrooms. Hence, there appears to be a gap between what is scientifically known and what is actually taught in classrooms. Framed by the model of educational reconstruction (MER), the aim of our study is therefore to identify scientific core ideas of cell membrane biology from an educational point of view. This is achieved by conducting qualitative content analysis of relevant cell biology literature. By using Conceptual Metaphor as a theory of understanding, we additionally illuminate the experiential grounding of scientific conceptions. Our results propose that cell membrane biology can be structured into three core ideas, comprising compartmentalisation, physical and chemical properties, and multicellular coordination interrelated by evolution as a key aspect. Our results show that scientists conceive these ideas metaphorically. Embodied part-whole relations seem, for example, to lay the grounds for their understanding of biological function. The outcomes of the study may inform future cell membrane teaching. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Science education, Model of Educational Reconstruction, conceptual metaphor, cell membranes, scientific clarification, molecular life sciences Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/educsci10060151 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Education Sciences Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Education https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/58182da07b59ce6bd527098258bb0beb.pdf 0e48574b96a30d2d18e8dac0634882ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lessons Learned to Date on COVID-19 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: Considerations for Interventions to Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection and Detrimental Hyperinflammation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amy S. Rosenberg, Marco Cardone, Montserrat Puig, Masahide Yano Description An account of the resource The first case of human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in China in December 2019. A few months later, this viral infection had spread worldwide and became a pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, termed COVID-19, is multifactorial and associated with both specific antiviral as well as inflammatory responses, the extent of which may determine why some individuals are asymptomatic while others develop serious complications. Here we review possible life-threating immune events that can occur during disease progression to uncover key factors behind COVID-19 severity and provide suggestions for interventions with repurposed drugs in well-controlled and randomized clinical trials. These drugs include therapeutics with potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells such as serine protease inhibitors of the cellular protease TMPS2 and drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system; antivirals with potential to block SARS-CoV-2 replication or factors that could boost the antiviral response; monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive the hyperinflammatory response during COVID-19 progression toward the severe stage and therapeutics that could ameliorate the function of the lungs. Furthermore, in order to help make more informed decisions on the timing of the intervention with the drugs listed in this review, we have grouped these therapeutics according to the stage of COVID-19 progression that we considered most appropriate for their mechanism of action. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, antiviral immune response, Hyper-inflammation, 2019ncov, SARS-CoV-2, severe COVID-19 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01131 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Immunology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Immunologic diseases. Allergy https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/61b6ddaffed962198b1fb99910923e89.pdf aa694b78e2f07de997a7f39645b1d86e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Liver Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peter C. Hayes, Kay Samuel, John N. Plevris, Katie Morgan, Martin Vandeputte Description An account of the resource A novel strain of coronoviridae (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan China in December 2019. Initially, infection presented with a broad spectrum of symptoms which typically included muscle aches, fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via ACE2 receptors which are abundant throughout the respiratory tract. However, there is evidence that these receptors are abundant throughout the body, and just as abundant in cholangiocytes as alveolar cells, posing the question of possible direct liver injury. While liver enzymes and function tests do seem to be deranged in some patients, it is questionable if the injury is due to direct viral damage, drug-induced liver injury, hypoxia, or microthromboses. Likely, the injury is multifactoral, and management of infected patients with pre-existing liver disease should be taken into consideration. Ultimately, a vaccine is needed to aid in reducing cases of SARS-CoV-2 and providing immunity to the general population. However, while considering the types of vaccines available, safety concerns, particularly of RNA- or DNA-based vaccines, need to be addressed. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Liver, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Microthromboses, viral damage Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060430 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pathogens Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/8411ab298a069bc4cfbfc5046fa6c080.pdf e4c2e21369d5fe739de0128c0808b265 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John R. Hurst, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Abdulelah M. Aldhahir, Shumonta Quaderi, Saeed M Alghamdi, Tope Oyelade, Mater Almehmadi, Abdullah S Alqahtani, Swapna Mandal Description An account of the resource BACKGROUND:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving infectious disease that dramatically spread all over the world in the early part of 2020. No studies have yet summarized the potential severity and mortality risks caused by COVID-19 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and we update information in smokers. METHODS:We systematically searched electronic databases from inception to March 24, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent authors in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We synthesized a narrative from eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS:In total, 123 abstracts were screened and 61 full-text manuscripts were reviewed. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, which included a total of 2473 confirmed COVID-19 patients. All studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 7.4%. The pooled prevalence rates of COPD patients and smokers in COVID-19 cases were 2% (95% CI, 1%-3%) and 9% (95% CI, 4%-14%) respectively. COPD patients were at a higher risk of more severe disease (risk of severity = 63%, (22/35) compared to patients without COPD 33.4% (409/1224) [calculated RR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.4-2.4)]. This was associated with higher mortality (60%). Our results showed that 22% (31/139) of current smokers and 46% (13/28) of ex-smokers had severe complications. The calculated RR showed that current smokers were 1.45 times more likely [95% CI: 1.03-2.04] to have severe complications compared to former and never smokers. Current smokers also had a higher mortality rate of 38.5%. CONCLUSION:Although COPD prevalence in COVID-19 cases was low in current reports, COVID-19 infection was associated with substantial severity and mortality rates in COPD. Compared to former and never smokers, current smokers were at greater risk of severe complications and higher mortality rate. Effective preventive measures are required to reduce COVID-19 risk in COPD patients and current smokers. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233147 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived PLoS ONE Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Public Library of Science (PLoS) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Science, Medicine