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                <text>COVID19, the pandemic which may exemplify a need for harm-reduction approaches to eating disorders: a reflection from a person living with an eating disorder</text>
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                <text>Margaret Janse van Rensburg</text>
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                <text>Abstract This reflective piece, written by a woman with an eating disorder aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on persons living with eating disorders and provide a social justice approach as a resolution. The author identifies that eating disorder behaviors may be the only coping tool available for many persons with eating disorders during this time of uncertainty. While she acknowledges the risks associated with eating disorder behaviors, she identifies that this time of uncertainty may be a time to embrace harm-reduction in approaching the health and wellness of persons with eating disorders.</text>
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                <text>Reflection, Harm Reduction, Strengths-based approach</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00306-3</text>
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                <text>Journal of Eating Disorders</text>
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                <text>BMC</text>
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                <text>Psychiatry</text>
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                <text>Scott B. Halstead, Ramesh Akkina</text>
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                <text>antibody protection for Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 immunity, gamma globulin for Covid-19 protection, antibody therapy for Covid-19, convalescent plasma for Covid-19 therapy, vaccine and therapeutics testing for Covid-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01196</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Immunology</text>
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                <text>Influence of COVID-19 on Cerebrovascular Disease and its Possible Mechanism</text>
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                <text>Chen Y, Liu P, Song Y, Tang X, Fan H</text>
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                <text>Hongyang Fan,1,2,* Xiaojia Tang,2,3,* Yuxia Song,2,3,* Peipei Liu,1,2 Yingzhu Chen1,2 1Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou, Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yingzhu Chen; Peipei Liu Email yzchendr@163.com; doclpp87@163.comAbstract: The global spread of COVID-19 has caused a substantial societal burden and become a major global public health issue. The COVID-19 elderly population with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases are at risk. Mortality rates are highest in these individuals if infected with COVID-19. Although the lungs are the main organs involved in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 triggers inflammatory and immune mechanisms, inducing a &amp;ldquo;cytokine storm&amp;rdquo; that aggravates disease progression and may lead to death. Presently, effective drugs are lacking, although current studies have confirmed that drugs with therapeutic potential include redaciclovir, lopinavir/ritonavir combined with interferon-&amp;beta;, convalescent plasma, and monoclonal antibodies. Currently, the most reasonable and effective way to prevent COVID-19 is to control the source of infection, terminate routes of transmission, and protect susceptible populations. With the rise of COVID-19 in China and worldwide, further prevention, diagnosis, and treatment measures are a critical unmet need. Cerebrovascular disease has high incidence, disability rate, and fatality rate. COVID-19 patient outcomes may also be complicated with acute stroke. This paper summarizes the influence of COVID-19 on cerebrovascular disease and discusses possible pathophysiological mechanisms to provide new angles for the prevention and diagnosis of this disease.Keywords: novel coronavirus pneumonia, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, cerebral vascular disease</text>
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                <text>Cerebral Vascular disease, 2019ncov, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus pneumonia</text>
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                <text>DOI: </text>
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                <text>Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment</text>
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                <text>Dove Medical Press</text>
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                <text>Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system</text>
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                <text>University, Spain, barcelona, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, lockdown</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Medical Students</text>
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                <text>Vitamin D Deficiency and Air Pollution Exacerbate COVID-19 Through Suppression of Antiviral Peptide LL37</text>
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                <text>Mardi A. Crane-Godreau, Steven Fiering, Peter Payne, Kathleen J. Clem</text>
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                <text>Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (VDD) are widely recognized as risk factors for respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D influences expression of many genes with well-established relevance to airway infections and relevant to immune system function. Recently, VDD has been shown to be a risk factor for acquisition and severity of COVID-19. Thus, treating VDD presents a safe and inexpensive opportunity for modulating the severity of the disease. VDD is common in those over 60 years of age, many with co-morbid conditions and in people with skin pigmentation sufficient to reduce synthesis of vitamin D. Exposure to fine particulate air pollution is also associated with worse outcomes from COVID19. Vitamin D stimulates transcription of cathelicidin which is cleaved to generate LL37. LL37 is an innate antimicrobial with demonstrated activity against a wide range of microbes including envelope viruses. LL37 also modulates cytokine signaling at the site of infections. Fine particles in air pollution can interfere with LL37 destruction of viruses and may reduce effective immune signaling modulation by LL37. While vitamin D influences transcription of many immune related genes, the weakened antimicrobial response of those with VDD against SARS-CoV-2 may be in part due to reduced LL37.Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role reducing the impact of viral lung disease processes. VDD is an acknowledged public health threat that warrants population-wide action to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. While vitamin D influences transcription of many immune related genes, the weakened antimicrobial response of those with VDD against SARS-CoV-2 may be in part due to reduced LL37. Action is needed to address COVID-19 associated risks of air pollution from industry, transportation, domestic sources and from primary and second hand tobacco smoke.</text>
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                <text>Abstract Public health interventions have been implemented to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ontario, Canada; however, the quantification of their effectiveness remains to be done and is important to determine if some of the social distancing measures can be relaxed without resulting in a second wave. We aim to equip local public health decision- and policy-makers with mathematical model-based quantification of implemented public health measures and estimation of the trend of COVID-19 in Ontario to inform future actions in terms of outbreak control and de-escalation of social distancing. Our estimates confirm that (1) social distancing measures have helped mitigate transmission by reducing daily infection contact rate, but the disease transmission probability per contact remains as high as 0.145 and case detection rate was so low that the effective reproduction number remained higher than the threshold for disease control until the closure of non-essential business in the Province; (2) improvement in case detection rate and closure of non-essential business had resulted in further reduction of the effective control number to under the threshold. We predict the number of confirmed cases according to different control efficacies including a combination of reducing further contact rates and transmission probability per contact. We show that improved case detection rate plays a decisive role to reduce the effective reproduction number, and there is still much room in terms of improving personal protection measures to compensate for the strict social distancing measures.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
