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                <text>SARS-CoV2 antigen in whole mouth fluid may be a reliable rapid detection tool.</text>
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                <text>Priya Kannian, Chandra Lavanya, Krittika Ravichandran, Jayaraman Bagavad Gita, Pasuvaraj Mahanathi, Veeraraghavan Ashwini, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Gunaseelan Rajan, Kannan Ranganathan, Stephen J Challacombe, Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque, Newell W Johnson</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>Oral diseases</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>SARS-Like Coronavirus WIV1-CoV Does Not Replicate in Egyptian Fruit Bats (&lt;i&gt;Rousettus aegyptiacus&lt;/i&gt;)</text>
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                <text>Neeltje van Doremalen, Alexandra Schäfer, Vineet D. Menachery, Michael Letko, Trenton Bushmaker, Robert J. Fischer, Dania  M. Figueroa, Patrick W. Hanley, Greg Saturday, Ralph S. Baric, Vincent J. Munster</text>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like WIV1-coronavirus (CoV) was first isolated from Rhinolophus sinicus bats and can use the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. In the current study, we investigate the ability of WIV1-CoV to infect Rousettus aegyptiacus bats. No clinical signs were observed throughout the experiment. Furthermore, only four oropharyngeal swabs and two respiratory tissues, isolated on day 3 post inoculation, were found positive for viral RNA. Two out of twelve bats showed a modest increase in coronavirus specific antibodies post challenge. In conclusion, WIV1-CoV was unable to cause a robust infection in Rousettus aegyptiacus bats.</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>WIV1-CoV, coronavirus, emerging infectious diseases, Animal model</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v10120727</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>SARS-related Perceptions in Hong Kong</text>
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                <text>Joseph T. F. Lau, Xilin Yang, Ellie Pang, H.Y. Tsui, Eric Wong, Yun Kwok Wing</text>
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                <text>To understand different aspects of community responses related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 2 population-based, random telephone surveys were conducted in June 2003 and January 2004 in Hong Kong. More than 70% of respondents would avoid visiting hospitals or mainland China to avoid contracting SARS. Most respondents believed that SARS could be transmitted through droplets, fomites, sewage, and animals. More than 90% believed that public health measures were efficacious means of prevention; 40.4% believed that SARS would resurge in Hong Kong; and ≈70% would then wear masks in public places. High percentages of respondents felt helpless, horrified, and apprehensive because of SARS. Approximately 16% showed signs of posttraumatic symptoms, and ≈40% perceived increased stress in family or work settings. The general public in Hong Kong has been very vigilant about SARS but needs to be more psychologically prepared to face a resurgence of the epidemic.</text>
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                <text>2005</text>
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                <text>Keywords: Hong Kong, SARS, community responses, perceptions, Mental health, Chinese</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid1103.040675</text>
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                <text>Emerging Infectious Diseases</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Bo-Jian Zheng, Yi Guan, Ka Hing Wong, Jie Zhou, Kin Ling Wong, Betty Wan Y. Young, Liwei Lu, Shui Shan Lee</text>
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                <text>Using immunofluorescence and neutralization assays, we detected antibodies to human severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and/or animal SARS-CoV–like virus in 17 (1.8%) of 938 adults recruited in 2001. This finding suggests that a small proportion of healthy persons in Hong Kong had been exposed to SARS-related viruses at least 2 years before the recent SARS outbreak.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3201/eid1002.030533</text>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>SARS–associated Coronavirus Replication in Cell Lines</text>
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                <text>Thomas Tran, Mike Catton, Doris Chibo, Chris Birch, Julian Druce, Renata Kostecki, Matthew Kaye, Jessica Morris</text>
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                <text>Given the potential for laboratory-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections, we must know which cell lines are susceptible to the virus. We investigated 21 cell lines routinely used for virus isolation or research. After infection with SARS-CoV, cells were observed for cytopathic effects, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure ongoing viral replication. An indirect immunofluorescence assay was also used as a confirmatory test. The study identified 10 new cell lines capable of supporting the replication of SARS-CoV and confirmed the susceptibility of 4 cell lines previously reported. This study shows that SARS-CoV can be isolated in several cell lines commonly used for diagnostic or research purposes. It also shows that SARS-CoV can achieve high titers in several cell lines, sometimes in the absence of specific cytopathic effects.</text>
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                <text>BACKGROUND: The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 presented clinicians with a new, life-threatening disease for which they had no experience in treating and no research on the effectiveness of treatment options. The World Health Organization (WHO) expert panel on SARS treatment requested a systematic review and comprehensive summary of treatments used for SARS-infected patients in order to guide future treatment and identify priorities for research. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In response to the WHO request we conducted a systematic review of the published literature on ribavirin, corticosteroids, lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r), type I interferon (IFN), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and SARS convalescent plasma from both in vitro studies and in SARS patients. We also searched for clinical trial evidence of treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sources of data were the literature databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to February 2005. Data from publications were extracted and evidence within studies was classified using predefined criteria. In total, 54 SARS treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies, and three acute respiratory distress syndrome studies met our inclusion criteria. Within in vitro studies, ribavirin, lopinavir, and type I IFN showed inhibition of SARS-CoV in tissue culture. In SARS-infected patient reports on ribavirin, 26 studies were classified as inconclusive, and four showed possible harm. Seven studies of convalescent plasma or IVIG, three of IFN type I, and two of LPV/r were inconclusive. In 29 studies of steroid use, 25 were inconclusive and four were classified as causing possible harm. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an extensive literature reporting on SARS treatments, it was not possible to determine whether treatments benefited patients during the SARS outbreak. Some may have been harmful. Clinical trials should be designed to validate a standard protocol for dosage and timing, and to accrue data in real time during future outbreaks to monitor specific adverse effects and help inform treatment.</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7742">
                <text>Microbiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7743">
                <text>EN, IT</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
