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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Understanding COVID-19 in children may provide clues to protect at-risk populations</text>
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                <text>Philip Sutton, Paul V Licciardi, Lien Anh Ha Do, Daniel G. Pellicci, Jeremy Anderson</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000702</text>
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                <text>BMJ Paediatrics Open</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Understanding genomic diversity, pan-genome, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2</text>
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                <text>Arohi Parlikar, Kishan Kalia, Shruti Sinha, Sucheta Patnaik, Neeraj Sharma, Sai Gayatri Vemuri, Gaurav Sharma</text>
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                <text>Coronovirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which originated from Wuhan, China, has seized the whole world in its grasp and created a huge pandemic situation before humanity. Since December 2019, genomes of numerous isolates have been sequenced and analyzed for testing confirmation, epidemiology, and evolutionary studies. In the first half of this article, we provide a detailed review of the history and origin of COVID-19, followed by the taxonomy, nomenclature and genome organization of its causative agent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the latter half, we analyze subgenus Sarbecovirus (167 SARS-CoV-2, 312 SARS-CoV, and 5 Pangolin CoV) genomes to understand their diversity, origin, and evolution, along with pan-genome analysis of genus Betacoronavirus members. Whole-genome sequence-based phylogeny of subgenus Sarbecovirus genomes reasserted the fact that SARS-CoV-2 strains evolved from their common ancestors putatively residing in bat or pangolin hosts. We predicted a few country-specific patterns of relatedness and identified mutational hotspots with high, medium and low probability based on genome alignment of 167 SARS-CoV-2 strains. A total of 100-nucleotide segment-based homology studies revealed that the majority of the SARS-CoV-2 genome segments are close to Bat CoV, followed by some to Pangolin CoV, and some are unique ones. Open pan-genome of genus Betacoronavirus members indicates the diversity contributed by the novel viruses emerging in this group. Overall, the exploration of the diversity of these isolates, mutational hotspots and pan-genome will shed light on the evolution and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and help in developing putative methods of diagnosis and treatment.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, SARS, genome, covid-19, Pandemic, viral disease</text>
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                <text>10.7717/peerj.9576</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Understanding Knowledge and Behaviors Related to CoViD−19 Epidemic in Italian Undergraduate Students: The EPICO Study</text>
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                <text>Christian Napoli, Stefano Ferracuti, Giorgio Liguori, Francesca Gallé, Maria Teresa Montagna, Osvalda De Giglio, Valeria Di Onofrio, Giovanni Battista Orsi, Giuseppina Caggiano, Elita Anna Sabella, Giovanna Da Molin</text>
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                <text>Background: On February 2020, the novel coronavirus (2019−nCoV) epidemic began in Italy. In order to contain the spread of the virus, the Italian government adopted emergency measures nationwide, including closure of schools and universities, workplaces and subsequently lockdown. This survey was carried out among Italian undergraduates to explore their level of knowledge about the epidemic and the behaviors they adopted during the lockdown. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was administered to the students attending three Italian universities. Results: A good level of knowledge about the epidemic and its control was registered in the sample, mainly among students attending life sciences degree courses. The majority of the students did not modify their diet and smoking habits, while a great part of the sample reported a decrease in physical activity (PA). Conclusions: Students from life sciences courses showed a higher awareness regarding the infection and the control measures. The lockdown caused an important reduction of PA. Preventive interventions should transform the restrictive measures also as an opportunity to improve lifestyle.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Knowledge, behaviors, quarantine, undergraduates, COVID‐19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103481</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22862">
                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Understanding Public Perceptions of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Social Media Analysis</text>
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                <text>Cresswell, Kathrin, Tahir, Ahsen, Sheikh, Zakariya, Hussain, Zain, Domínguez Hernández, Andrés, Harrison, Ewen, Williams, Robin, Sheikh, Aziz, Hussain, Amir</text>
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                <text>BackgroundThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and its subsequent spread worldwide continues to be a global health crisis. Many governments consider contact tracing of citizens through apps installed on mobile phones as a key mechanism to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2.             ObjectiveIn this study, we sought to explore the suitability of artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled social media analyses using Facebook and Twitter to understand public perceptions of COVID-19 contact tracing apps in the United Kingdom.             MethodsWe extracted and analyzed over 10,000 relevant social media posts across an 8-month period, from March 1 to October 31, 2020. We used an initial filter with COVID-19–related keywords, which were predefined as part of an open Twitter-based COVID-19 dataset. We then applied a second filter using contract tracing app–related keywords and a geographical filter. We developed and utilized a hybrid, rule-based ensemble model, combining state-of-the-art lexicon rule-based and deep learning–based approaches.             ResultsOverall, we observed 76% positive and 12% negative sentiments, with the majority of negative sentiments reported in the North of England. These sentiments varied over time, likely influenced by ongoing public debates around implementing app-based contact tracing by using a centralized model where data would be shared with the health service, compared with decentralized contact-tracing technology.             ConclusionsVariations in sentiments corroborate with ongoing debates surrounding the information governance of health-related information. AI-enabled social media analysis of public attitudes in health care can help facilitate the implementation of effective public health campaigns.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>10.2196/26618</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Public aspects of medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics</text>
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                <text>Understanding Selenium and Glutathione as Antiviral Factors in COVID-19: Does the Viral Mpro Protease Target Host Selenoproteins and Glutathione Synthesis?</text>
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                <text>Ethan Will Taylor, Wilson Radding</text>
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                <text>Glutathione peroxidases (GPX), a family of antioxidant selenoenzymes, functionally link selenium and glutathione, which both show correlations with clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Thus, it is highly significant that cytosolic GPX1 has been shown to interact with an inactive C145A mutant of Mpro, the main cysteine protease of SARS-CoV-2, but not with catalytically active wild-type Mpro. This seemingly anomalous result is what might be expected if GPX1 is a substrate for the active protease, leading to its fragmentation. We show that the GPX1 active site sequence is substantially similar to a known Mpro cleavage site, and is identified as a potential cysteine protease site by the Procleave algorithm. Proteolytic knockdown of GPX1 is highly consistent with previously documented effects of recombinant SARS-CoV Mpro in transfected cells, including increased reactive oxygen species and NF-κB activation. Because NF-κB in turn activates many pro-inflammatory cytokines, this mechanism could contribute to increased inflammation and cytokine storms observed in COVID-19. Using web-based protease cleavage site prediction tools, we show that Mpro may be targeting not only GPX1, but several other selenoproteins including SELENOF and thioredoxin reductase 1, as well as glutamate-cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis. This hypothesized proteolytic knockdown of components of both the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems is consistent with a viral strategy to inhibit DNA synthesis, to increase the pool of ribonucleotides for RNA synthesis, thereby enhancing virion production. The resulting “collateral damage” of increased oxidative stress and inflammation would be exacerbated by dietary deficiencies of selenium and glutathione precursors.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, covid-19, Protease, glutathione, selenium, glutathione peroxidase 1</text>
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                <text>10.3389/fnut.2020.00143</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Nutrition. Foods and food supply</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Understanding Surgical Risk During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Rationale Behind the Decisions</text>
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                <text>Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos Blouhos, Anestis Hatzigeorgiadis, Aikaterini Paraskeva, Konstantinos Andreas Boulas, Maria Nathanailidou, Konstantinos Hatzipourganis</text>
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                <text>safety, emergency surgery, pandemia, surgeon, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.00033</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="31347">
                <text>Frontiers in Surgery</text>
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                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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                <text>Surgery</text>
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                <text>Understanding the buffering effect of social media use on anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown</text>
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                <text>Giuseppe A. Veltri, Yousri Marzouki, Fatimah Salem Aldossari</text>
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                <text>Abstract During the COVID-19 outbreak, lockdown measures have been deployed worldwide. In the wake of these measures, internet and social media use has reached unprecedented peaks. We hypothesize that social media can, in the context of the pandemic, be a placeholder for collective resilient processes modulated by cognitive and emotional components. An online survey (N = 1408) using a cross-sectional design was carried out over nine weeks from the beginning of March 2020 to the end of May 2020. The triangulation via SEM statistical modeling, text mining, and sentiment, discriminant, and entropy analyses revealed the granular functional role of social media use in promoting a positive perception towards stressors during the pandemic. This study provides an empirically tested theoretical framework to understand the evolution of buffering mechanisms of social media use as a result of collective resilience. Recommendations on social media use for future lockdown scenarios were provided.</text>
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                <text>10.1057/s41599-021-00724-x</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Social Sciences, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Understanding the effect of sustained use of cloud-based point of sales on SMEs performance during covid-19 pandemic</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="51130">
                <text>Yeney Widya Prihatiningtias, Maudina Rahma Wardhani</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="51131">
                <text>This study examined the effect of sustained use of cloud-based point of sales on SMEs’ performance during COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed. The sample consists of the food and beverage industries from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) located in Malang City, Indonesia. The quantitative data which succeeded to collect 91 responses was taken from the questionnaire distribution of the sample SMEs and it was analyzed by using SPSS 21 with the multiple linear regression method, which indicated there is a relationship between sustained-use of cloud-based point of sale on SMEs non-financial performance during COVID-19 pandemic. 9 SMEs representatives, the owner, or the manager, were also interviewed to gain further insights and to confirm the quantitative findings. Technology Continuance Theory (TCT) was used to explain the link between the sustained use of cloud-based point of sale on SMEs’ performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the results from both approaches found that there is a positive relationship between sustained use of cloud-based point of sale on SMEs non-financial performance during COVID-19 pandemic and the relationship between sustained use of cloud-based point of sale on SMEs financial performance is negative.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>covid-19, SMEs performance, cloud-based point of sales</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.14414/tiar.v11i1.2300</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Indonesian Accounting Review</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>STIE Perbanas Surabaya</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Accounting. Bookkeeping</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="88122">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Understanding the Molecular Basis of 5-HT&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Receptor Partial Agonists through 3D-QSAR Studies</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156103">
                <text>Emigdio Chavez-Angel, Alejandro Castro-Alvarez, Ronald Nelson</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose prevalence has an incidence in senior citizens. Unfortunately, current pharmacotherapy only offers symptom relief for patients with side effects such as bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. Therefore, there is a present need to provide other therapeutic alternatives for treatments for these disorders. The 5-HT4 receptor is an attractive therapeutic target since it has a potential role in central and peripheral nervous system disorders such as AD, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroparesis. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of a series of 62 active compounds in the 5-HT4 receptor was carried out in the present work. The structure-activity relationship was estimated using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) techniques based on these structures’ field molecular (force and Gaussian field). The best force-field QSAR models achieve a value for the coefficient of determination of the training set of R2training = 0.821, and for the test set R2test = 0.667, while for Gaussian-field QSAR the training and the test were R2training = 0.898 and R2test = 0.695, respectively. The obtained results were validated using a coefficient of correlation of the leave-one-out cross-validation of Q2LOO = 0.804 and Q2LOO = 0.886 for force- and Gaussian-field QSAR, respectively. Based on these results, novel 5-HT4 partial agonists with potential biological activity (pEC50 8.209–9.417 for force-field QSAR and 9.111–9.856 for Gaussian-field QSAR) were designed. In addition, for the new analogues, their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties were also analyzed. The results show that these new derivatives also have reasonable pharmacokinetics and drug-like properties. Our findings suggest novel routes for the design and development of new 5-HT4 partial agonists.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>3D-QSAR, 5-HT&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, Alzheimer’s disease, force and gaussian fields, partial agonist</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="156107">
                <text>10.3390/ijms22073602</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="156108">
                <text>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="156109">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Biology (General), Chemistry</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/3602" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/3602&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Understanding the policy dynamics of COVID-19 in the UK: Early findings from interviews with policy makers and health care professionals.</text>
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                <text>P Atkinson, N Gobat, S Lant, H Mableson, C Pilbeam, T Solomon, S Tonkin-Crine, S Sheard</text>
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                <text>The UK government response to COVID-19 has been heavily criticised. We report witnesses' perceptions of what has shaped UK policies and how these policies have been received by healthcare workers. Such studies are usually affected by hindsight. Here we deploy a novel prospective approach to capture real-time information. We are historians, social scientists and biomedical researchers who study how societies cope with infectious disease. In February 2020 we began regular semi-structured calls with prominent members of policy communities, and health care professionals, to elicit their roles in, and reactions to, the pandemic response. We report witnesses' perceptions that personal protective equipment (PPE) stocks were too small, early warnings have not led to sufficiently rapid policy decisions, and a lack of transparency is sapping public trust. Significant successes include research mobilisation. The early experiences and reactions of our witnesses suggest important issues for investigation, notably a perception of delay in decision making.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>Epidemic, covid-19, Pandemic, Health policy, United Kingdom, National Health Service, Department of Health and Social Care, Scientific advice</text>
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                <text>10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113423</text>
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                <text>Social science &amp; medicine (1982)</text>
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