2004 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e2e54cdcc9ceefb338f67aae13fe33ed.pdf d4cd14f87122973e4b75d4313d8de449 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Identification and Characterization of Three Novel Small Interference RNAs That Effectively Down-Regulate the Isolated Nucleocapsid Gene Expression of SARS Coronavirus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Yingli Cao, Li Liu, Shu-Hui Wang, Yun Zhang, Fan Yang, Rong Guo, Ying Wang Description An account of the resource Nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a major pathological determinant in the host that may cause host cell apoptosis, upregulate the proinflammatory cytokine production, and block innate immune responses. Therefore, N gene has long been thought an ideal target for the design of small interference RNA (siRNA). siRNA is a class of small non-coding RNAs with a size of 21-25nt that functions post-transcriptionally to block targeted gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the N gene coding sequences derived from 16 different isolates, and found that nucleotide deletions and substitutions are mainly located at the first 440nt sequence. Combining previous reports and the above sequence information, we create three novel siRNAs that specifically target the conserved and unexploited regions in the N gene. We show that these siRNAs could effectively and specifically block the isolated N gene expression in mammal cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence to show that N gene can effectively up-regulate M gene mediated interferon b (IFNb) production, while blocking N gene expression by specific siRNA significantly reduces IFNb gene expression. Our data indicate that the inhibitory effect of siRNA on the isolated N gene expression might be influenced by the sequence context around the targeted sites. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Subject The topic of the resource siRNA, SARS-CoV, nucleocapsid gene, RT-PCR, EGFP Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021544 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Molecules Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Organic chemistry Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/192e1fec1bf7209e027718c8d66fdf24.pdf a0f4ddae3d0e16fdfb7a7c325c316812 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Non-Hemostatic Aspects of Transfused Platelets Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caroline Sut, Sofiane Tariket, Cécile Aubron, Chaker Aloui, Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse, Philippe Berthelot, Sandrine Laradi, Andreas Greinacher, Olivier Garraud, Fabrice Cognasse Description An account of the resource Platelets transfusion is a safe process, but during or after the process, the recipient may experience an adverse reaction and occasionally a serious adverse reaction (SAR). In this review, we focus on the inflammatory potential of platelet components (PCs) and their involvement in SARs. Recent evidence has highlighted a central role for platelets in the host inflammatory and immune responses. Blood platelets are involved in inflammation and various other aspects of innate immunity through the release of a plethora of immunomodulatory cytokines, chemokines, and associated molecules, collectively termed biological response modifiers that behave like ligands for endothelial and leukocyte receptors and for platelets themselves. The involvement of PCs in SARs—particularly on a critically ill patient’s context—could be related, at least in part, to the inflammatory functions of platelets, acquired during storage lesions. Moreover, we focus on causal link between platelet activation and immune-mediated disorders (transfusion-associated immunomodulation, platelets, polyanions, and bacterial defense and alloimmunization). This is linked to the platelets’ propensity to be activated even in the absence of deliberate stimuli and to the occurrence of time-dependent storage lesions. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Subject The topic of the resource platelets, transfusion, CD40L, serious adverse reaction, inflammation, Innate Immunity Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00042 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frontiers in Medicine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Frontiers Media S.A. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine (General) Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/30faa81aef0ab7443bfd6a4412f74f00.pdf 234c98c4961d62ec4664a76e3d4edb10 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graveoline Analogs Exhibiting Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity as Potential Lead Compounds for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zeng Li, Chaoyu Mu, Bin Wang, Juan Jin Description An account of the resource This study designed and synthesized a series of new graveoline analogs on the basis of the structural characteristics of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) dual-site inhibitors. The activity of these analogs was also evaluated. Results showed that the synthesized graveoline analogs displayed stronger inhibitory activity against AChE and higher selectivity than butyrylcholine esterase (BuChE) (Selectivity Index from 45 to 486). When the two sites in the graveoline parent ring substituting phenyl and amino terminal had six chemical bonds (n = 3) and the terminal amino was piperidine, compound 5c showed the best activity. Furthermore, the mechanism of action and binding mode were explored by enzyme kinetic simulation, molecular docking, and thioflavin T-based fluorometric assay. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the low concentration of the analogs did not affect the viability of the neurocyte SH-SY5Y. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Subject The topic of the resource graveoline analogs, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholine esterase (BuChE), structure–function relationships (SARs), mechanism Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020132 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Molecules Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Organic chemistry Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/adbc22035cd318ce96d3d393e2ca9162.pdf 15b3c9d83acbf1e91fdab72732d76258 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Identification of Cis-Acting Elements on Positive-Strand Subgenomic mRNA Required for the Synthesis of Negative-Strand Counterpart in Bovine Coronavirus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Po-Yuan Yeh, Hung-Yi Wu Description An account of the resource It has been demonstrated that, in addition to genomic RNA, sgmRNA is able to serve as a template for the synthesis of the negative-strand [(−)-strand] complement. However, the cis-acting elements on the positive-strand [(+)-strand] sgmRNA required for (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis have not yet been systematically identified. In this study, we employed real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to analyze the cis-acting elements on bovine coronavirus (BCoV) sgmRNA 7 required for the synthesis of its (−)-strand counterpart by deletion mutagenesis. The major findings are as follows. (1) Deletion of the 5'-terminal leader sequence on sgmRNA 7 decreased the synthesis of the (−)-strand sgmRNA complement. (2) Deletions of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) bulged stem-loop showed no effect on (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis; however, deletion of the 3' UTR pseudoknot decreased the yield of (−)-strand sgmRNA. (3) Nucleotides positioned from −15 to −34 of the sgmRNA 7 3'-terminal region are required for efficient (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis. (4) Nucleotide species at the 3'-most position (−1) of sgmRNA 7 is correlated to the efficiency of (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis. These results together suggest, in principle, that the 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences on sgmRNA 7 harbor cis-acting elements are critical for efficient (−)-strand sgmRNA synthesis in BCoV. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, cis-acting element, subgenomic mRNA, negative-strand RNA synthesis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v6082938 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/49c766315138470d8f998cdfc7f4ef29.pdf cd997939d5311115bf6f28e03cd967fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Short-term variability of copepod abundance in Jurumirim Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PANARELLI E. A., NOGUEIRA M. G., HENRY R. Description An account of the resource Short-term variability in composition and abundance of copepod populations were studied during the dry (winter) and rainy (summer) seasons, at the dam region of Jurumirim Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil. An intensive sampling program was carried out during 30 days in each period of the year. Samples and measurements were taken every other day at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m depths. The relationship between variability of the populations and some environmental factors was analyzed. The main species were: Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Sars), Notodiaptomus iheringi (Wright), Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud), Thermocyclops decipiens (Fischer), and T. minutus (Lowndes). Thermocyclops minutus was the most abundant species in dry season and its abundance varied significantly between sampling days. A large increase in abundance of calanoids occurred during the rainy season. This increase was correlated with higher temperature values. At that time, Notodiaptomus iheringi was dominant. This species showed significant short-term variations in abundance in both dry and rainy seasons. Significant variation in density of populations within the same sampling period might result from either the dispersion pattern of the populations or continuous substitution of the water masses. Significant correlation was observed between copepod abundance and temperature, especially for species of calanoids and there was also some correlations between densities of particular species of copepods and some phytoplankton taxa, mainly during the dry season. As for vertical distribution, most organisms were found between the surface and 15 m deep. During the rainy season, there was some evidence of the occurrence of spatial segregation between species of cyclopoids and calanoids, with the cyclopoids in a deeper position within the water column. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Subject The topic of the resource short term variability, Copepod, Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Tropical reservoir Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brazilian Journal of Biology Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Instituto Internacional de Ecologia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Science, Botany, Zoology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/5d5e0ab92ba7ab999a71f826f577b66a.pdf ab7262d2058de1285eed47f30fca2444 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prevalence of diabetes in the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alaa Badawi, Seung Gwan Ryoo Description An account of the resource Over the past two decades a number of severe acute respiratory infection outbreaks such as the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have emerged and presented a considerable global public health threat. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are more susceptible to these conditions. However, the prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 and MERS-CoV has not been systematically described. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports documenting the prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 and MERS-CoV and compare its frequency in the two viral conditions. Meta-analysis for the proportions of subjects with diabetes was carried out in 29 studies for H1N1 (n=92,948) and 9 for MERS-CoV (n=308). Average age of H1N1 patients (36.2±6.0 years) was significantly younger than that of subjects with MERS-CoV (54.3±7.4 years, P<0.05). Compared to MERS-CoV patients, subjects with H1N1 exhibited 3-fold lower frequency of cardiovascular diseases and 2- and 4-fold higher prevalence of obesity and immunosuppression, respectively. The overall prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 was 14.6% (95% CI: 12.3- 17.0%; P<0.001), a 3.6-fold lower than in MERS-CoV (54.4%; 95% CI: 29.4-79.5; P<0.001). The prevalence of diabetes among H1N1 cases from Asia and North America was ~two-fold higher than those from South America and Europe. The prevalence of diabetes in MERS-CoV cases is higher than in H1N1. Regional comparisons suggest that an etiologic role of diabetes in MERS-CoV may exist distinctive from that in H1N1. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Subject The topic of the resource Diabetes mellitus, 2009 influenza A (H1N1), the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), systematic review Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2016.733 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Public Health Research Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available PAGEPress Publications Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Public aspects of medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/a98e95417bee1728baa6228bae6498f0.pdf 9d4422d52ca9e920b1fc1a744b153eb5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adaptation as an Integrated System of Clinical-Anamnestic, Immunological and Psychological Components in Children Raised in Orphanages Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource I.L. Vysochynа Description An account of the resource The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of adaptation of orphanages on the basis of the findings of a comprehensive study of the components of this phenomenon and develop a mathematical model of evaluation of the current state of adaptation using correlation analysis. The study included 361 children from orphanages in age from 3 to 17 years in a state of clinical well-being. The correlation analysis of 512 indicators that were studied (the multiplicity of SARS in history, the presence of chronic foci of infection, the results of dispensary examination of children, evaluation of physical development, the characteristics of ecological community mucous TTP, the presence of clinical symptoms of post-infectious fatigue, data on medical history and the results of immunological examination — content leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD25+, serum immunoglobulins A, F, G, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10; IL-12р70+, IL-12p40+p70+; TFGβ1) in peripheral blood and the concentration of antimicrobial proteins (alpha-defensins 1–3, lactoferrin) and SIgA in oropharyngeal secretions, psychological pattern-typological characteristics (test Eysenck, Shmishek, tapping test), assessment of the color of associative reactions (Lüscher test, the test color relations), features a portrait of emotional (anxiety, SAN), and identification donozologichnih neurotic border states). Statistical processing has identified the most important factors for a data set of results which can determine the level of adaptation of orphanages. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Subject The topic of the resource Children, orphanages, adaptation, Correlation analysis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.22141/2224-0551.5.48.2013.84728 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Zdorovʹe Rebenka Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Publishing House Zaslavsky Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pediatrics Language A language of the resource EN, RU, UK https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/38787997066d968daab3df9be96614d8.pdf 6dc28b17dcfd699c8a787cba1d6165b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Genomic Analysis of 15 Human Coronaviruses OC43 (HCoV-OC43s) Circulating in France from 2001 to 2013 Reveals a High Intra-Specific Diversity with New Recombinant Genotypes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nathalie Kin, Fabien Miszczak, Wei Lin, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Astrid Vabret, Epicorem Consortium Description An account of the resource Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is one of five currently circulating human coronaviruses responsible for respiratory infections. Like all coronaviruses, it is characterized by its genome’s high plasticity. The objectives of the current study were to detect genetically distinct genotypes and eventually recombinant genotypes in samples collected in Lower Normandy between 2001 and 2013. To this end, we sequenced complete nsp12, S, and N genes of 15 molecular isolates of HCoV-OC43 from clinical samples and compared them to available data from the USA, Belgium, and Hong-Kong. A new cluster E was invariably detected from nsp12, S, and N data while the analysis of nsp12 and N genes revealed the existence of new F and G clusters respectively. The association of these different clusters of genes in our specimens led to the description of thirteen genetically distinct genotypes, among which eight recombinant viruses were discovered. Identification of these recombinant viruses, together with temporal analysis and tMRCA estimation, provides important information for understanding the dynamics of the evolution of these epidemic coronaviruses. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Genotype, Sequencing, coronavirus, phylogeny, recombination, HCoV-OC43 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v7052358 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/498b7c8949a2c6d2014b8542571e1e8b.pdf 402598c2395dc29054d8f928f3de8b38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Detection of Coronaviruses in Bats of Various Species in Italy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maria B. Boniotti, Enrica Rosti, Ana Moreno, Cristiano Sabelli, Alice Papetti, Davide Lelli Description An account of the resource Bats are natural reservoirs for many mammalian coronaviruses, which have received renewed interest after the discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV in humans. This study describes the identification and molecular characterization of alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in bats in Italy, from 2010 to 2012. Sixty-nine faecal samples and 126 carcasses were tested using pan-coronavirus RT-PCR. Coronavirus RNAs were detected in seven faecal samples and nine carcasses. A phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence fragments aided in identifying two alphacoronaviruses from Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii), three clade 2b betacoronaviruses from lesser horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros), and 10 clade 2c betacoronaviruses from Kuhl’s pipistrelle, common noctule (Nyctalus noctula), and Savi’s pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii). This study fills a substantive gap in the knowledge on bat-CoV ecology in Italy, and extends the current knowledge on clade 2c betacoronaviruses with new sequences obtained from bats that have not been previously described as hosts of these viruses. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, bats, Italy, Molecular characterization, Phylogenetic analysis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v5112679 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/815df7804ba3237a309ec998ff8de8c9.pdf 7ad95d04262159878e09c706227956d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immunology of Bats and Their Viruses: Challenges and Opportunities Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tony Schountz Description An account of the resource Bats are reservoir hosts of several high-impact viruses that cause significant human diseases, including Nipah virus, Marburg virus and rabies virus. They also harbor many other viruses that are thought to have caused disease in humans after spillover into intermediate hosts, including SARS and MERS coronaviruses. As is usual with reservoir hosts, these viruses apparently cause little or no pathology in bats. Despite the importance of bats as reservoir hosts of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic agents, virtually nothing is known about the host/virus relationships; principally because few colonies of bats are available for experimental infections, a lack of reagents, methods and expertise for studying bat antiviral responses and immunology, and the difficulty of conducting meaningful field work. These challenges can be addressed, in part, with new technologies that are species-independent that can provide insight into the interactions of bats and viruses, which should clarify how the viruses persist in nature, and what risk factors might facilitate transmission to humans and livestock. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Subject The topic of the resource Chiroptera, reservoir host, virus ecology, zoonosis, emerging infectious disease, RNA-Seq, metabolomics Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/v6124880 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Viruses Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Microbiology Language A language of the resource EN