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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>Desempenho de diferentes substratos na decomposição de carcaça de frango de corte Performance of different substrates in the decomposition of broiler carcass</text>
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                <text>Arlei Coldebella, Taiana Cestonaro, Paulo G. de Abreu, Valeria M. N. Abreu, Inaiara L. Tomazelli, Marla J. Hassemer</text>
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                <text>Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho de diferentes substratos na decomposição de carcaça de frango de corte. Utilizaram-se seis câmaras de uma composteira, medindo 0,80 m de largura, 1,20 m de profundidade e 1,50 m de altura cada uma. Os substratos utilizados foram: acícula de pinus, bagaço de cana, palha de milho, casca de amendoim, capim e maravalha. A compostagem foi acompanhada de 4 períodos. A pilha de cada câmara foi montada em 5 camadas, de cujo total foram depositadas, em duas camadas, 5 carcaças de aves, distribuídas uniformemente. A cada 10 dias se realizou o tombamento das pilhas com o objetivo de aerar o substrato e se lhe adicionou água. Após 30 dias realizou-se o tombamento final. Na montagem das pilhas e nos tombamentos pesaram-se, separadamente, as carcaças e os substratos. Durante o processo os parâmetros monitorados foram matéria seca, cinzas, fósforo, potássio, nitrogênio, pH, carbono orgânico e razão C/N. Todos os substratos foram eficientes na decomposição das carcaças de aves e os valores da composição físico-química final dos substratos estão de acordo com os valores da IN-25/Mapa, ou seja, todos os substratos podem ser utilizados como fertilizantes orgânicos simples.The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different substrates in the decomposition of broiler carcasses. Six containers of a compost maker were used each one measuring 0.80 m width, 1.20 m depth and 1.50 m height. The substrates were: pine aciculae, sugarcane bagasse, corn straw, peanut shells, grass and sawdust. The composting was accompanied by four periods. The pile of each container was made up of five layers, in which, five poultry carcasses were uniformly deposited in two layers. The tumbling of the piles was done every 10 days, with the purpose to provide aeration for the substrate and water was added to the same. After 30 days, the final tumbling was done. In the assembly piles and in the tumbling process the carcasses and the substrate were weighed separately. During the process, the monitored parameters were dry matter, ashes, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, pH, organic carbon and C/N ratio. All substrates were efficient in the decomposition of the broiler carcasses and final physiochemical composition values are in agreement with values in IN-25/Mapa, in other words, all of the substrates can be used as simple organic fertilizers.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2010</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Compost, Compostagem, Composto, Fertilizantes orgânicos, chemical physic composition, composição físico-química, composteira, composter, composting, organic fertilizers</text>
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                <text>10.1590/S1415-43662010001200010</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="156235">
                <text>Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental - Agriambi</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Campina Grande</text>
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                <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S1415-43662010001200010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;amp;pid=S1415-43662010001200010&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Os paradoxos do agronegócio fumageiro entre os pequenos agricultores no Oeste de Santa Catarina</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Arlene Renk, Silvana Winckler</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>O texto aborda os “desencontros” das políticas brasileiras em relação à Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco (CQCT), sob auspícios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, ratificada pelo Brasil em 2005. Um dos pontos de embate está na diminuição/erradicação do cultivo do tabaco. O governo brasileiro, numa postura politicamente correta, bane o fumo do espaço público, diminui o número de fumantes, mas oficialmente estimula o cultivo do tabaco para o incremento da balança comercial. Apesar da ratificação da Convenção pelo Brasil, encontramos o cultivo em pequena propriedade, em trabalho familiar, com alta carga de agrotóxico, em integração com a agroindústria fumageira, ou seja, agronegócio, pouco lembrado, quando mencionado.  A relação de integração vertical transforma o fumo em primo pobre do agronegócio, em relação aos avicultores e suinocultores, face ao baixo grau de capitalização das famílias integradas. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, envolvendo dois municípios. Entrevistamos vinte fumicultores e quatro lideranças sindicais. Recorremos igualmente a fontes documentais e estatísticas para complementação e aprofundamentos dos dados obtidos em campo. A pesquisa encontra-se em   fase de andamento. Como resultados preliminares, observamos que o cultivo do fumo não é opção dos pequenos agricultores, mas uma das únicas saídas encontradas para permanecer na agricultura. Agricultores com maior grau de capitalização recusam-se ao plantio do fumo. As políticas públicas têm olhar oblíquo em relação aos fumicultores.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="207212">
                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Agricultura Familiar, Integração vertical, Tabaco</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>10.5335/hdtv.20n.2.10925</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>História: Debates e Tendências</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="207216">
                <text>Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF)</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>History (General)</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="207218">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://seer.upf.br/index.php/rhdt/article/view/10925/114115236" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://seer.upf.br/index.php/rhdt/article/view/10925/114115236&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Genetic Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Isolates in Indonesia: Spike Glycoprotein Gene</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Arli Aditya Parikesit, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Viol Dhea Kharisma, Sahal Sabilil Muttaqin, Yulanda Antonius</text>
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                <text>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus and the primarycausative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first occurred in China and rapidly spreadworldwide. The government of the Republic of Indonesia confirmed its first two cases of COVID-19 inMarch 2020. COVID-19 is a serious illness with no efficacious antiviral medication or approved vaccinecurrently available. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the genome of SARS-CoV-2. In this study,we characterized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein genes from Indonesia to investigate their geneticcomposition and variability. Overall, ten SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein gene sequences retrievedfrom GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) and the GISAID EpiCoV database(Germany) were compared. We analyzed nucleotide variants and amino acid changes using MolecularEvolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) X and analyzed gene similarity using the LALIGN web server.Interestingly, we revealed several specific mutation sites, however, there were no significant changesin the genetic composition of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein genes, when compared to the WuhanHu-1 isolate from China. However, this is a preliminary study and we recommend that molecularepidemiology and surveillance programs against COVID-19 in Indonesia be improved.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>mutation, coronavirus, genetic composition, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36399">
                <text>DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.35</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36401">
                <text>Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>O Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar como Estratégia de Desenvolvimento Rural</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="238874">
                <text>Arlindo Jesus Prestes De Lima, David Basso, Vanderlei Airton Schwantes</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>Desenvolvimento em Questão</text>
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                <text>Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Economic growth, development, planning</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>En los últimos años, la agricultura de los Andes ha mostrado mayor sensibilidad al cambio climático, favoreciendo procesos de erosión del suelo, retroceso de glaciares, pérdida de cobertura vegetal, incremento en la intensidad de lluvias y alteración en la dinámica de los cultivos de la región como: papa, quinua, maíz, entre otros. Lo que motivó que, muchos autores desarrollen simulaciones de modelos regionales para estimar el índice de vulnerabilidad de estos sistemas agrícolas ante estos eventos climáticos, permitiéndoles otorgar una data climatológica más confiable en presencia de vientos cálidos y secos. En el presente artículo de revisión, se detallan los principales aportes brindados por diversos investigadores respecto al impacto del cambio climático en la agricultura andina. Según los antecedentes recopilados se concluye que, el cambio climático en los Andes provocará que países como Brasil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana y Colombia, incrementen su temperatura local, potencial de evapotranspiración y escasez de agua, ocasionando la pérdida de cultivos importantes como el arroz. En contraste, países como Perú, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia y Uruguay registrarán temperaturas más bajas que afectarán su producción y rendimiento en cultivos como la quinua, papa, tarwi, entre otros.</text>
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                <text>Pandemics and global outbreaks of infectious diseases always have been a great challenge for human survival and life throughout history. The following three are clear examples of global outbreaks of plague.  First, the outbreak started from Egypt in 541 CE and less than two years spread to the Middle East, Europe, Persia and north Africa; the second started in Central Asia; India, China and eastern Russia, but it not only affected Asia but also spread to Europe. Both pandemics had several waves during centuries and killed millions of people.</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>PhcrTx2, a New Crab-Paralyzing Peptide Toxin from the Sea Anemone Phymanthus crucifer</text>
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                <text>Armando Alexei Rodríguez, Anoland Garateix, Emilio Salceda, Steve Peigneur, André Junqueira Zaharenko, Tirso Pons, Yúlica Santos, Roberto Arreguín, Ludger Ständker, Wolf-Georg Forssmann, Jan Tytgat, Rosario Vega, Enrique Soto</text>
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                <text>Sea anemones produce proteinaceous toxins for predation and defense, including peptide toxins that act on a large variety of ion channels of pharmacological and biomedical interest. Phymanthus crucifer is commonly found in the Caribbean Sea; however, the chemical structure and biological activity of its toxins remain unknown, with the exception of PhcrTx1, an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) inhibitor. Therefore, in the present work, we focused on the isolation and characterization of new P. crucifer toxins by chromatographic fractionation, followed by a toxicity screening on crabs, an evaluation of ion channels, and sequence analysis. Five groups of toxic chromatographic fractions were found, and a new paralyzing toxin was purified and named PhcrTx2. The toxin inhibited glutamate-gated currents in snail neurons (maximum inhibition of 35%, IC50 4.7 µM), and displayed little or no influence on voltage-sensitive sodium/potassium channels in snail and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, nor on a variety of cloned voltage-gated ion channels. The toxin sequence was fully elucidated by Edman degradation. PhcrTx2 is a new β-defensin-fold peptide that shares a sequence similarity to type 3 potassium channels toxins. However, its low activity on the evaluated ion channels suggests that its molecular target remains unknown. PhcrTx2 is the first known paralyzing toxin in the family Phymanthidae.</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Phymanthus crucifer, Sea Anemone, defensin-like fold, glutamate receptor, ion channels, neutoxin</text>
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                <text>10.3390/toxins10020072</text>
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                <text>Toxins</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/2/72" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/2/72&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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