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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>The Predictive Effectiveness of Blood Biochemical Indexes for the Severity of COVID-19</text>
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                <text>Yingchu Zhou, Bo Li, Jiyang Liu, Dong Chen</text>
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                <text>Objective. We aimed to explore the predictive effectiveness of blood biochemical indexes for COVID-19 severity. Method. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of COVID-19 patients who were cured and discharged from the Public Health Treatment Center of Changsha from January 30, 2020, to February 19, 2020. According to the clinical classification of the disease, the patients were divided into severe and nonsevere groups. General clinical data and underlying medical conditions were recorded through the electronic medical record (EMR) system. Laboratory examination results of the patients during their hospitalization were collected, including the first results for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood lymphocyte ratio and count, and peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) count. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the predictive effectiveness of blood biochemical indexes and other related factors for COVID-19 severity. Result. In all, 108 COVID-19 patients (median age: 43.9 years (range: 1–75); male patients: 56 (51.85%)) were enrolled, of whom 24 (22.22%) showed severe disease and 84 (77.78%) showed nonsevere disease, and two in 24 patients with severe disease developed into a critically severe type and died. Fever was the most common onset symptom (67.59%), followed by cough (48.15%) and fatigue (37.04%). Comorbidities were important factors affecting the severity of COVID-19, and among the patients with severe disease, the proportion with comorbidities was 70.83%, and the proportion without comorbidities was 29.17%. The intergroup difference was significant P8–≤20, &gt;20–≤40, and &gt;40, the proportions of those with severe and nonsevere disease were 0 to 32, 7 to 19, 6 to 23, and 11 to 10, respectively; the intergroup difference was significant P</text>
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                <text>10.1155/2020/7320813</text>
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                <text>Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology</text>
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                <text>Hindawi Limited</text>
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                <text>Microbiology, Infectious and parasitic diseases</text>
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                <text>Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2840-8</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study</text>
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                <text>Yingfei Zhang, Zheng Feei Ma</text>
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                <text>Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local Chinese residents aged ≥18 years in Liaoning Province, mainland China. An online survey was distributed through a social media platform between January and February 2020. Participants completed a modified validated questionnaire that assessed the Impact of Event Scale (IES), indicators of negative mental health impacts, social and family support, and mental health-related lifestyle changes. A total of 263 participants (106 males and 157 females) completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 37.7 ± 14.0 years, and 74.9% had a high level of education. The mean IES score in the participants was 13.6 ± 7.7, reflecting a mild stressful impact. Only 7.6% of participants had an IES score ≥26. The majority of participants (53.3%) did not feel helpless due to the pandemic. On the other hand, 52.1% of participants felt horrified and apprehensive due to the pandemic. Additionally, the majority of participants (57.8–77.9%) received increased support from friends and family members, increased shared feeling and caring with family members and others. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with mild stressful impact in our sample, even though the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing. These findings would need to be verified in larger population studies.</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, Mental health, IES, Pandemic, China</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072381</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Identification and Characterization of Three Novel Small Interference RNAs That Effectively Down-Regulate the Isolated Nucleocapsid Gene Expression of SARS Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a major pathological determinant in the host that may cause host cell apoptosis, upregulate the proinflammatory cytokine production, and block innate immune responses. Therefore, N gene has long been thought an ideal target for the design of small interference RNA (siRNA). siRNA is a class of small non-coding RNAs with a size of 21-25nt that functions post-transcriptionally to block targeted gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the N gene coding sequences derived from 16 different isolates, and found that nucleotide deletions and substitutions are mainly located at the first 440nt sequence. Combining previous reports and the above sequence information, we create three novel siRNAs that specifically target the conserved and unexploited regions in the N gene. We show that these siRNAs could effectively and specifically block the isolated N gene expression in mammal cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence to show that N gene can effectively up-regulate M gene mediated interferon b (IFNb) production, while blocking N gene expression by specific siRNA significantly reduces IFNb gene expression. Our data indicate that the inhibitory effect of siRNA on the isolated N gene expression might be influenced by the sequence context around the targeted sites.</text>
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                <text>siRNA, SARS-CoV, nucleocapsid gene, RT-PCR, EGFP</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021544</text>
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                <text>Molecules</text>
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                <text>Organic chemistry</text>
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                <text>What can we learn from COVID-19 vaccine R&amp;D in China? A discussion from a public policy perspective.</text>
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                <text>10.1093/jtm/taab026</text>
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                <text>Journal of travel medicine</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins assemble constitutively in high molecular oligomers</text>
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                <text>Yingying Cong, Franziska Kriegenburg, Cornelis A. M. de Haan, Fulvio Reggiori</text>
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                <text>Abstract Coronaviruses (CoV) are enveloped viruses and rely on their nucleocapsid N protein to incorporate the positive-stranded genomic RNA into the virions. CoV N proteins form oligomers but the mechanism and relevance underlying their multimerization remain to be fully understood. Using in vitro pull-down experiments and density glycerol gradients, we found that at least 3 regions distributed over its entire length mediate the self-interaction of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) N protein. The fact that these regions can bind reciprocally between themselves provides a possible molecular basis for N protein oligomerization. Interestingly, cytoplasmic N molecules of MHV-infected cells constitutively assemble into oligomers through a process that does not require binding to genomic RNA. Based on our data, we propose a model where constitutive N protein oligomerization allows the optimal loading of the genomic viral RNA into a ribonucleoprotein complex via the presentation of multiple viral RNA binding motifs.</text>
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                <text>10.1038/s41598-017-06062-w</text>
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                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22078">
                <text>The Interaction between Nidovirales and Autophagy Components</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Yingying Cong, Pauline Verlhac, Fulvio Reggiori</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Autophagy is a conserved intracellular catabolic pathway that allows cells to maintain homeostasis through the degradation of deleterious components via specialized double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During the past decades, it has been revealed that numerous pathogens, including viruses, usurp autophagy in order to promote their propagation. Nidovirales are an order of enveloped viruses with large single-stranded positive RNA genomes. Four virus families (Arterividae, Coronaviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae) are part of this order, which comprises several human and animal pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. In host cells, Nidovirales induce membrane rearrangements including autophagosome formation. The relevance and putative mechanism of autophagy usurpation, however, remain largely elusive. Here, we review the current knowledge about the possible interplay between Nidovirales and autophagy.</text>
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                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>coronavirus, arterivirus, mesonivirus, ronivirus, autophagosome, autophagic flux, infection, replication, egression</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v9070182</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Viruses</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Intranasal DNA Vaccine for Protection against Respiratory Infectious Diseases: The Delivery Perspectives</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Yingying Xu, Pak-Wai Yuen, Jenny Ka-Wing Lam</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Intranasal delivery of DNA vaccines has become a popular research area recently. It offers some distinguished advantages over parenteral and other routes of vaccine administration. Nasal mucosa as site of vaccine administration can stimulate respiratory mucosal immunity by interacting with the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT). Different kinds of DNA vaccines are investigated to provide protection against respiratory infectious diseases including tuberculosis, coronavirus, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) etc. DNA vaccines have several attractive development potential, such as producing cross-protection towards different virus subtypes, enabling the possibility of mass manufacture in a relatively short time and a better safety profile.  The biggest obstacle to DNA vaccines is low immunogenicity. One of the approaches to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccine is to improve DNA delivery efficiency. This review provides insight on the development of intranasal DNA vaccine for respiratory infections, with special attention paid to the strategies to improve the delivery of DNA vaccines using  non-viral delivery agents.</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7945">
                <text>DNA vaccine, Intranasal delivery, infectious diseases, respiratory pathogens, adjuvants, mucosal</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7946">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6030378</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Pharmaceutics</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Pharmacy and materia medica</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>CD26/DPP4 cell-surface expression in bat cells correlates with bat cell susceptibility to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and evolution of persistent infection.</text>
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                <text>Yíngyún Caì, Shuqing Yu, Elena N Postnikova, Steven Mazur, John  G. Bernbaum, Robin Burk, Teng Fei Zhang, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Marcel A. Müller, Ingo Jordan, Laura Bollinger, Lisa E. Hensley, Peter B. Jahrling, Jens H. Kuhn</text>
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                <text>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a recently isolated betacoronavirus identified as the etiologic agent of a frequently fatal disease in Western Asia, Middle East respiratory syndrome. Attempts to identify the natural reservoirs of MERS-CoV have focused in part on dromedaries. Bats are also suspected to be reservoirs based on frequent detection of other betacoronaviruses in these mammals. For this study, ten distinct cell lines derived from bats of divergent species were exposed to MERS-CoV. Plaque assays, immunofluorescence assays, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that six bat cell lines can be productively infected. We found that the susceptibility or resistance of these bat cell lines directly correlates with the presence or absence of cell surface-expressed CD26/DPP4, the functional human receptor for MERS-CoV. Human anti-CD26/DPP4 antibodies inhibited infection of susceptible bat cells in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of human CD26/DPP4 receptor conferred MERS-CoV susceptibility to resistant bat cell lines. Finally, sequential passage of MERS-CoV in permissive bat cells established persistent infection with concomitant downregulation of CD26/DPP4 surface expression. Together, these results imply that bats indeed could be among the MERS-CoV host spectrum, and that cellular restriction of MERS-CoV is determined by CD26/DPP4 expression rather than by downstream restriction factors.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112060</text>
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                <text>PLoS ONE</text>
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                <text>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Are They Just Two Children COVID-19 Cases Confused With Flu?</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82375">
                <text>Yinhu Li, Biao Zou, Di Ma, Liru Qiu, Yu Chen, Yan Hao, Xiaoping Luo, Sainan Shu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82376">
                <text>COVID-19, an emerging infectious disease, has quickly spread all over the world. All human populations are susceptible to this disease. Here we present two pediatric COVID-19 cases, both of whom exhibited negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests upon nasopharyngeal swab and were initially diagnosed with influenza A infection. COVID-19 was later confirmed in both patients by serum antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 and nucleic acid test on stool samples. Because children are susceptible to many respiratory pathogens, especially influenza, we concluded that children can be coinfected with multiple pathogens, and more attention should be paid to the exploration of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic of COVID-19. This report shows the possibility of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of children with COVID-19. We suggest that highly suspected pediatric COVID-19 cases with negative nucleic acid tests on nasopharyngeal swabs should be further checked by performing a nucleic acid test on stool samples and testing serum for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82377">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82378">
                <text>influenza, Children, covid-19, Nucleic acid, serum antibody of SARS-CoV-2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82379">
                <text>10.3389/fped.2020.00341</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82380">
                <text>Epidemiology and Health</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82381">
                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="82382">
                <text>Pediatrics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
