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                <text>Fariba Rezaeetalab, Mahnaz Mozdourian, Mahnaz Amini, Zahra Javid Arabshahi, Farzaneh Akbari</text>
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                <text>Covid-19 is a novel virus with high affinity to spread in the community. In December 2019, it was first identified in Wuhan, China. The symptoms are non-specific, so fever, cough, dyspnea, are prominent features. Respiratory failure and mortality have also been reported. The most common lung CT scan findings are bilateral ground glass opacities.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22038/jctm.2020.46924.1264</text>
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                <text>Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine</text>
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                <text>The objective of study was to assess and evaluate factors that affect entrepreneurial activities carried out by formal and informal migrant entrepreneurs from Ethiopia who conduct business operations in the nine provinces of South Africa. The study was descriptive and exploratory in nature. The design of the study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 3,045 migrant entrepreneurs from Ethiopia who conduct business in the nine provinces of South Africa. Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of eligible entrepreneurs. The study found that about 76% of businesses operated by migrant entrepreneurs from Ethiopia were profitable, whereas the remaining 24% of businesses were not profitable. About 32% of entrepreneurs were attracted to South Africa due to better infrastructural facilities. About 25% of entrepreneurs were attracted to South Africa due to better socioeconomic conditions. About 78% of migrant entrepreneurs had conducted business in South Africa for five years or more at the time of data collection. About 34% of businesses paid tax to the South African Revenue Service (SARS) on a regular basis. About 38% of businesses employed at least one South African in their businesses. About 85% of entrepreneurs stated that they had good working relationships with members of the various local communities in South Africa.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.40</text>
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                <text>Problems and Perspectives in Management</text>
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                <text>Ming-Zhi Zhang</text>
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                <text>Since the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)has rapidly spread in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. This has aroused great concern of the Chinese government and the international community. There have been unconfirmed threads of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis as the first symptom. Therefore, the issue that whether and how the novel coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted through the ocular surface has become a new concern. In the absence of clinical and experimental evidence of COVID-19 in ocular infection, we have conducted a retrospective literature analysis of viral pathogens that simultaneously trigger ocular lesions during the onset of epidemic diseases. The purpose of this paper is to provide some reference and suggestions for appropriately understanding of ocular protection in the prevention and control of the COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>infection; sars-cov-2; pneumonia; ocular surface; transmission mode, infection, SARS-CoV-2, Pneumonia, ocular surface, transmission mode</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.3.01</text>
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                <text>Guoji Yanke Zazhi</text>
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                <text>Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)</text>
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                <text>Ophthalmology</text>
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                <text>Estrogens induce expression of membrane-associated estrogen receptor α isoforms in lactotropes.</text>
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                <text>Estrogens are key to anterior pituitary function, stimulating hormone release and controlling cell fate to achieve pituitary dynamic adaptation to changing physiological conditions. In addition to their classical mechanism of action through intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs), estrogens exert rapid actions via cell membrane-localized ERs (mERs). We previously showed that E2 exerts a rapid pro-apoptotic action in anterior pituitary cells, especially in lactotropes and somatotropes, through activation of mERs. In the present study, we examined the involvement of mERα in the rapid pro-apoptotic action of estradiol by TUNEL in primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells from ovariectomized rats using a cell-impermeable E2 conjugate (E2-BSA) and an ERα selective antagonist (MPP dihydrochloride). We studied mERα expression during the estrous cycle and its regulation by gonadal steroids in vivo by flow cytometry. We identified ERα variants in the plasma membrane of anterior pituitary cells during the estrous cycle and studied E2 regulation of these mERα variants in vitro by surface biotinylation and Western Blot. E2-BSA-induced apoptosis was abrogated by MPP in total anterior pituitary cells and lactotropes. In cycling rats, we detected a higher number of lactotropes and a lower number of somatotropes expressing mERα at proestrus than at diestrus. Acute E2 treatment increased the percentage of mERα-expressing lactotropes whereas it decreased the percentage of mERα-expressing somatotropes. We detected three mERα isoforms of 66, 39 and 22 kDa. Expression of mERα66 and mERα39 was higher at proestrus than at diestrus, and short-term E2 incubation increased expression of these two mERα variants. Our results indicate that the rapid apoptotic action exerted by E2 in lactotropes depends on mERα, probably full-length ERα and/or a 39 kDa ERα variant. Expression and activation of mERα variants in lactotropes could be one of the mechanisms through which E2 participates in anterior pituitary cell renewal during the estrous cycle.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041299</text>
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                <text>PLoS ONE</text>
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                <text>Attenuation of mouse hepatitis virus by deletion of the LLRKxGxKG region of Nsp1.</text>
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                <text>Lin Lei, SUN Ying, Luo Baojun, Yang Yi, He Xiang, Su-Wen Li, Sun Zounan, Guo Deyin, Zhuqing Yu, Liu Jingmei, Chang Guohui</text>
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                <text>Coronaviruses are a family of large positive-sense RNA viruses that are responsible for a wide range of important veterinary and human diseases. Nsp1 has been shown to have an important role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of coronaviruses in vivo. To assess the function of a relatively conserved domain (LLRKxGxKG) of MHV nsp1, a mutant virus, MHV-nsp1-27D, with a 27 nts (LLRKxGxKG) deletion in nsp1, was constructed using a reverse genetic system with a vaccinia virus vector. The mutant virus had similar growth kinetics to MHV-A59 wild-type virus in 17CI-1 cells, but was highly attenuated in vivo. Moreover, the mutant virus completely protected C57BL/6 mice from a lethal MHV-A59 challenge. To further analyze the mechanism of the attenuation of the mutant virus, changes in reporter gene expression were measured in nsp1- or nsp1-27D-expressing cells; the results showed that nsp1 inhibited reporter gene expression controlled by different promoters, but that this inhibition was reduced for nsp1-27D. The research in vivo and in vitro suggests that the LLRKxGxKG region of nsp1 may play an important role in this process.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061166</text>
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                <text>PLoS ONE</text>
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                <text>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</text>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2198">
                <text>Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Objectives The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea was reported in January 2020, with 28 confirmed cases reported as of February 14th, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 28 cases were analyzed in response to this disease. Methods The epidemiological characteristics and early clinical features of the 28 patients from Korea with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed using COVID-19 reporting and surveillance data and the epidemiological investigation reports prepared by the rapid response team. Results There were 16 patients that entered Korea from foreign countries: Wuhan, China (11 patients), Zhuhai, China, (1 patient), Singapore (2 patients), Japan (1 patient), and Thailand (1 patient). The early symptoms were fever, sore throat, cough or sputum production, chills, and muscle ache. Three patients were asymptomatic, however, 18 developed pneumonia. Of the 28 cases, 16 were index cases imported from abroad, with 10 cases of secondary infection originating in Korea, and the route of transmission still under investigation for 2 patients. The 10 patients with secondary infection were infected from contact with family members or acquaintances of primary patients, and the suspected sites of transmission were mostly at home. Conclusion COVID-19 in Korea was spread by 16 infected individuals traveling from other countries, leading to second-generation cases. The initial symptoms were mostly minor, but the disease was infectious at this stage, resulting from close contact, particularly at home. Establishing an early detection strategy for COVID-19 is crucial for managing the transmission of the disease.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>COVID-19, epidemiologic study, SARS-CoV-2</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2202">
                <text>DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.03</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2203">
                <text>Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Korea Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Special situations and conditions</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>Effectiveness for the Response to COVID-19: The MERS Outbreak Containment Procedures</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2191">
                <text>Haewol Cho</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.01</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2194">
                <text>Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2195">
                <text>Korea Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Special situations and conditions</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>EN</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                <text>Current Status in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2181">
                <text>Ayşe UYAN, Oğuz Reşat Sipahi, Ediz TÜTÜNCÜ, Hilal Sipahi, Dilek Arman</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first described in 2012, belongs to the CoV family. Coronaviruses may cause global outbreaks with high mortality. Although there is no definite evidence, it is thought that bats are reservoir hosts and one-humped camels are intermediate hosts. According to the World Health Organization data, 1,698 MERS-CoV cases were identified as of March, 23th, 2016 with 609 (36%) deaths. Most of the cases were seen in Saudi Arabia. South Korea is the country following Saudi Arabia where most of the cases developed through in-hospital spread. There is no reported case from Turkey except a Turkish patient returning from Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, there was a marked peak in new cases during April 2014 and May 2014. Although there was no spesific symptom or laboratory finding that belongs to MERS-CoV, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure were the most common clinical conditions. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive hearth failure and chronic renal failure were usually the main predisposing diseases. Real-time polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard for diagnosis and lower respiratory samples are preferred because of high viral load. There is no spesific treatment for MERS-CoV but there are reports showing decreased viral load with ribavirin-interferon combination. Strict and correct personal protective equipment use is the most important factor for preventing the spread of the disease.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2016</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2184">
                <text>interferon, Arabian Peninula, Epidemiology, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4274/mjima.2016.6</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2186">
                <text>Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes and Antimicrobials</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2187">
                <text>Galenos Yayinevi</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Infectious and parasitic diseases, Medicine</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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                <text>NON-PANDEMIC HUMAN CORONAVIRUSES &amp;ndash; CHARACTERISTICS AND DIAGNOSTICS</text>
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                <text>Edyta Abramczuk, Katarzyna Pancer, Włodzimierz Gut, Bogumiła Litwińska</text>
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                <text>koinfekcje wirusowe, koronawirusy człowieka, viral coinfections, human coronaviruses</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.21307/PM-2017.56.2.205</text>
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                <text>Postępy Mikrobiologii</text>
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                <text>Exeley Inc.</text>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves with iron-deficiency anemia</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2162">
                <text>Prodanović Radiša, Nedić Sreten, Radanović Oliver, Milićević Vesna, Vujanac Ivan, Bojkovski Jovan, Kureljušić Branislav, Arsić Sveta, Jovanović Ljubomir, Kirovski Danijela</text>
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                <text>Introduction. Neonatal calves are often deficient in iron. Accumulating    evidence indicates that iron status is associated with disease pathologies    including diarrhea. Our objective was to examine the association between iron    status and gut function in neonatal calves with and without a history of calf    diarrhea. Materials and Methods. Calves were divided into two groups based on    their history of diarrhea; the first group were diarrheic calves (n=6) and    the second group were non-diarrheic healthy calves (n=6). Blood samples    (n=12) were collected at day 12 of age and erythrogram determination and    measurements of serum iron and total iron binding capacity were performed.    Hematological values were measured using an automatic analyzer, and    biochemical properties were determined spectrophotometrically. Fecal samples    were obtained from all calves and pH measured using semi quantitative test    strips as well as being examined by bacterial cultivation for enterotoxigenic    Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens, by RT-PCR for    the presence of bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus and bovine viral    diarrhea virus, and by microscopy for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum.    Results and Conclusions. There were significant iron-related changes for most    hematological indices in diarrheic calves; and iron (Fe) deficiency and    microcytic, hypochromic anemia were diagnosed. The pH of the feces was    significantly higher in diarrheic calves than in the non-diarrheic healthy    group (P</text>
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                <text>2019</text>
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                <text>iron deficiency anemia, Calves, diarrhea</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>DOI: 10.2298/VETGL181210011P</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2167">
                <text>Veterinarski Glasnik</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2168">
                <text>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Veterinary medicine</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>SR</text>
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