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                <text>What can we learn from COVID-19 vaccine R&amp;D in China? A discussion from a public policy perspective.</text>
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                <text>Yinglian Hu, Simiao Chen</text>
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                <text>What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management</text>
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                <text>Wen Sun, Mark Yaolin Wang, Ziheng Shangguan</text>
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                <text>Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what caused this sudden outbreak from a crisis management perspective. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China’s current management system and public health policy. The article draws the following conclusions: firstly, strict government control over information was the main reason for the early silencing of media announcements, which directly caused most people to be unprepared and unaware of COVID-19. Secondly, a choice between addressing a virus with an unknown magnitude and nature, and mitigating known public panic during a politically and culturally sensitive time, lead to falsehood and concealment. Thirdly, the weak autonomous management power of local public health management departments is not conducive for providing a timely response to the crisis. Finally, the privatization of many state-owned hospitals led to the unavailability of public health medical resources to serve affected patients in the Wuhan and Hubei Province. This article suggests that China should adopt a Singaporean-style public health crisis information management system to ensure information disclosure and information symmetry and should use it to monitor public health crises in real time. In addition, the central government should adopt the territorial administration model of a public health crisis and increase investment in public health in China.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>China, Public Health, big data, crisis management, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093279</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Agricultura sostenible</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible</text>
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                <text>What comes next?</text>
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                <text>Fábio Mosso Moreira</text>
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                <text>Thus, this dossier can be considered a plate full of references that discuss the relationship of aspects technological and informational aspects of rural production with implications of the context generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing with researchers in the areas of the Science of Information, Computing, Agrarian, Administration and Agribusiness, Education, etc. It also serves as a source of scientific information open to producers and enthusiasts in the domain of family farming, as policy managers public and extension technicians.</text>
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                <text>2022</text>
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                <text>Número 2, editorial, volume 7</text>
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                <text>Revista Eletrônica Competências Digitais para Agricultura Familiar</text>
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                <text>Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho</text>
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                <text>Agriculture (General)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://owl.tupa.unesp.br/recodaf/index.php/recodaf/article/view/149" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://owl.tupa.unesp.br/recodaf/index.php/recodaf/article/view/149&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists’ views during the COVID-19 pandemic</text>
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                <text>Mohammad Bilal, Malorie Simons, Tyler M Berzin, Asadur Rahman, Zachary L. Smith, Shifa Umar, Jonah Cohen, Douglas K. Pleskow, Mandeep S. Sawhney</text>
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                <text>Background and study aims There is a consensus among gastroenterology organizations that elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the decision to perform urgent procedures and to defer entirely elective procedures is mostly evident, there is a wide “middle ground” of time-sensitive but not technically urgent or emergent endoscopic interventions. We aimed to survey gastroenterologists worldwide using Twitter to help elucidate these definitions using commonly encountered clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic.            Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. This survey was posted on Twitter. The survey remained open to polling for 48 hours. During this time, multiple gastroenterologists and fellows with prominent social media presence were tagged to disseminate the survey.            Results The initial tweet had 38,795 impressions with a total of 2855 engagements. There was significant variation in responses from gastroenterologists regarding timing of endoscopy in these semi-urgent scenarios. There were only three of 16 scenarios for which more than 70 % of gastroenterologists agreed on procedure-timing. For example, significant variation was noted in regard to timing of upper endoscopy in patients with melena, with 44.5 % of respondents believing that everyone with melena should undergo endoscopic evaluation at this time. Similarly, about 35 % of respondents thought that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should only be performed in patients with choledocholithiasis with abdominal pain or jaundice.            Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for the ongoing development of societal guidance for these “semi-urgent” scenarios to help gastroenterologists in making difficult triage decisions.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1055/a-1153-9014</text>
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                <text>Endoscopy International Open</text>
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                <text>Georg Thieme Verlag</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology</text>
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                <text>Introduction Emerging viral diseases are a serious public health problem, especially with such a dynamically changing epidemic situation, in which we are observers and participants. Coronaviruses are present in our lives almost constantly. Currently, the world is struggling with a pandemic caused by the new SARS CoV-2 coronavirus, which is the etiological factor of COVID-19 disease.  Objective The aim of the study is to review scientific reports and systematize current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease it causes in the face of the ongoing pandemic.  State of knowledge The course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to cases caused by coronaviruses of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). Symptoms vary from mild to viral pneumonia, including fever, difficulty breathing, bilateral infiltrative pneumonia, and multi-organ failure in the most severe cases. COVID-19 disease also leads to complications, such as pulmonary fibrosis, neurological disorders, an increased risk of heart attack, thrombosis, and liver dysfunction. The review presents information about the taxonomy, structure, pathomechanism, clinical symptoms, complications, number of cases, diagnostics, and treatment of COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread quickly around the world, causing a rapidly increasing number of infections and deaths among patients. There is currently no effective vaccine or targeted treatment. The only way to prevent the spread of the virus remains quarantine, the isolation of sick people, and the use of a sanitary regime.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>10.26444/jpccr/123794</text>
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                <text>Institute of Rural Health</text>
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                <text>Ruang-Space: Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan</text>
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                <text>Universitas Udayana</text>
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                <text>What does ‘leave no one behind’ mean for humanitarian crises-affected populations in the COVID-19 pandemic?</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002540</text>
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                <text>The emergence of new pathogenic viral strains is a constant threat to global health, with the new coronavirus strain COVID-19 as the latest example. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has quickly spread around the globe. This pandemic demands rapid development of drugs and vaccines. Plant-based vaccines are a technology with proven viability, which have led to promising results for candidates evaluated at the clinical level, meaning this technology could contribute towards the fight against COVID-19. Herein, a perspective in how plant-based vaccines can be developed against COVID-19 is presented. Injectable vaccines could be generated by using transient expression systems, which offer the highest protein yields and are already adopted at the industrial level to produce VLPs-vaccines and other biopharmaceuticals under GMPC-processes. Stably-transformed plants are another option, but this approach requires more time for the development of antigen-producing lines. Nonetheless, this approach offers the possibility of developing oral vaccines in which the plant cell could act as the antigen delivery agent. Therefore, this is the most attractive approach in terms of cost, easy delivery, and mucosal immunity induction. The development of multiepitope, rationally-designed vaccines is also discussed regarding the experience gained in expression of chimeric immunogenic proteins in plant systems.</text>
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