2048 10 20655 https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/c6ebd4993d0d2adf090eca859d138a58.pdf b321d485a6e2f9d2a8e1a1142e4306ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Endotracheal Intubation of COVID-19 Patients Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahid Hussain Khan, Jalil Makarem, Mojgan Rahimi Description An account of the resource The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged for the first time in China and then rapidly spread and swept the entire world like a tornado killing thousands of patients around the planet. People were advised to stay in-doors to prevent the spread of this deadly disease, and this slogan helped to a greater extent in containing the spread of the virus. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for the disease at present, but extensive research is going on to find a definitive treatment. Regarding endotracheal intubation (ETI) of COVID-19 patients, data are scarce and no randomized clinical trials are available to develop and formulate succinct and acceptable guidelines in tackling the problem of ETI in these highly risky and vulnerable patients. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.22114/ajem.v0i0.374 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Advanced Journal of Emergency Medicine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tehran University of Medical Sciences Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medicine Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/b82e5c6763356e2d99c1c4bb24f81d08.pdf ba7ad46ff7bdb6417a50792a5db8f88f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COVID-19 and Its Psychological Impacts on Healthcare Staff - A Multi-Centric Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahoor Ahmed, Hafsa Shahid, Mobeen Z Haider, Muhammad Taqi, Adnan Gulzar, Zarlakhta Zamani, Tehreem Fatima, Yousra Khalid, Hafiza A Nadeem, Faiz Anwer Description An account of the resource Background Since the first case of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Pakistan was reported in February 2020, the medical and paramedical staff has been working on the frontlines to deal with this disease. They have been facing significant strain and stress due to the pandemic, affecting their social, mental, and personal life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, etiology, personal coping mechanisms, and the strategies that are being adopted to reduce stress by the healthcare workers (HCWs) working in COVID-19 dedicated wards (group 2) and compare it with staff working in other departments but not in COVID-19 wards amid this pandemic (group 1) in various hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods The comparative cross-sectional study was designed which included doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals from various hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. A questionnaire was designed which consisted of five sections, and 51 questions. A Chi-square test was used to compare the responses between these two groups. Results The study questionnaire was submitted by 200 participants, 100 responses for each group (see the Appendix). In group 1, HCWs not working in COVID-19 dedicated floors were afraid of getting infected, transmitting the infection to their families and concerned about using personal protective equipment (PPE) improperly. They reported a lack of concentration and tense muscles. The coping mechanisms of this group were exercise, strict precautions at work, and social distancing measures. While HCWs serving in COVID-19 dedicated wards were concerned and afraid of putting their families at risk by working in the high-risk environment; the major stresses in this group were: lack of knowledge about proper strategies for treatment, they faced insecurity due to physical and verbal violence by caretakers of COVID-19 patients, and lack of concentration. The coping mechanism was the support of their families and taking strict precautions, with self-isolation if required, to avoid any disease transmission to their families. The proposed strategies to be implemented included teaching skills for self-rescue as well as the implementation of policies at the administrative level to reduce working hours and frequent shift rotation. Conclusion The COVID-19 outbreak posed a great deal of mental stress among HCWs working on the COVID-19 floor as well as those serving in other departments of the hospital. The HCWs from group 1 were most afraid of getting infected and putting family members at risk, experienced tense muscles and lack of concentration, coped their stress by exercise and being more vigilant, and suggested the strategies of teaching skills for self-rescue and better community awareness. While the staff from the second group were most afraid of being the source of infection and violence from the caretakers of patients, experienced tense muscles, used family support, and strict isolation measures as coping mechanisms and suggested the strategies of self-rescue and increase in wages of directly exposed healthcare workers to deal with such pandemics in future in a better way. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource mental health, infectious disease, covid-19, Pandemic, internal medicine, quality improvement, Medical staff, Evidence-based medicine, Psychological Impacts, primary healthcare workers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.7759/cureus.11753 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cureus https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e6a1b0ba7e011359b0a95e4f56a8f6e0.pdf 33f97bedcc0ae92d270e02cc0dcd376c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bacteriophage Based Biosensors: Trends, Outcomes and Challenges Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Aliakbar Ahovan, Ali Hashemi, Laura Maria De Plano, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi, Alexander Seifalian Description An account of the resource Foodborne pathogens are one of the main concerns in public health, which can have a serious impact on community health and health care systems. Contamination of foods by bacterial pathogens (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium) results in human infection. A typical example is the current issue with Coronavirus, which has the potential for foodborne transmission and ruling out such concerns is often difficult. Although, the possible dissemination of such viruses via the food chain has been raised. Standard bacterial detection methods require several hours or even days to obtain the results, and the delay may result in food poisoning to eventuate. Conventional biochemical and microbiological tests are expensive, complex, time-consuming and not always reliable. Therefore, there are urgent demands to develop simple, cheap, quick, sensitive, specific and reliable tests for the detection of these pathogens in foods. Recent advances in smart materials, nanomaterials and biomolecular modeling have been a quantum leap in the development of biosensors in overcoming the limitations of a conventional standard laboratory assay. This research aimed to critically review bacteriophage-based biosensors, used for the detection of foodborne pathogens, as well as their trends, outcomes and challenges are discussed. The future perspective in the use of simple and cheap biosensors is in the development of lab-on-chips, and its availability in every household to test the quality of their food. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Bacteriophage, biosensors, Nanomaterials, food-borne pathogens, Bacteria, smart materials, nanotechnology, nanoparticles, coronavirus Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.3390/nano10030501 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nanomaterials Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available MDPI AG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chemistry Language A language of the resource EN https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/9786e23d62991bd80f65f426e48f13e1.pdf 33f97bedcc0ae92d270e02cc0dcd376c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bacteriophage Based Biosensors: Trends, Outcomes and Challenges Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Aliakbar Ahovan, Ali Hashemi, Laura Maria De Plano, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi, Alexander Seifalian Description An account of the resource Foodborne pathogens are one of the main concerns in public health, which can have a serious impact on community health and health care systems. Contamination of foods by bacterial pathogens (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci, Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium) results in human infection. A typical example is the current issue with Coronavirus, which has the potential for foodborne transmission and ruling out such concerns is often difficult. Although, the possible dissemination of such viruses via the food chain has been raised. Standard bacterial detection methods require several hours or even days to obtain the results, and the delay may result in food poisoning to eventuate. Conventional biochemical and microbiological tests are expensive, complex, time-consuming and not always reliable. Therefore, there are urgent demands to develop simple, cheap, quick, sensitive, specific and reliable tests for the detection of these pathogens in foods. Recent advances in smart materials, nanomaterials and biomolecular modeling have been a quantum leap in the development of biosensors in overcoming the limitations of a conventional standard laboratory assay. This research aimed to critically review bacteriophage-based biosensors, used for the detection of foodborne pathogens, as well as their trends, outcomes and challenges are discussed. The future perspective in the use of simple and cheap biosensors is in the development of lab-on-chips, and its availability in every household to test the quality of their food. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, bacteria, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, bacteriophage, biosensors, foodborne pathogens, smart materials Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.3390/nano10030501 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chemistry https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/b93292ae72aa9ec6d06f96a871b71501.pdf 16f675e93eb707c89eae52b7bcb1d4b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Addition of Corticosteroids to Immunoglobulins Is Associated With Recovery of Cardiac Function in Multi-Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Belhadjer, Johanne Auriau, Mathilde Méot, Mehdi Oualha, Sylvain Renolleau, Lucile Houyel, Damien Bonnet Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Heart failure, immunoglobulins, intravenous, pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease, COVID-19 related Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050147 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Circulation https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/21af7da81a77a8ccb40972247c0439cb.pdf 524d055e2513fecd7183c5fdcfc16baa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Global Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during and after Coronavirus Pandemic: A Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Hooshyari, Maryam Salmanian, Mona Salehi Description An account of the resource Objective: Studies conducted on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19 epidemics have shown PTSD can occur during and after infectious diseases. However, more studies are needed to explore PTSD during and after COVID-19 outbreak. The objective of this study is to provide a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis to report the global prevalence of PTSD during and after coronavirus pandemics among general population, health care workers, survivors, or patients with coronaviruses. Method: We include all studies that reported the prevalence of PTSD during and after coronavirus pandemics and search databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar from first of November 2002 to May 18, 2020. Two authors independently use relevant checklists to quality assessment of the included studies and extract data. We use the graphical methods and fixed or random effect models to aggregate prevalence estimates. Also, we will assess heterogeneity between the included studies using the I2 heterogeneity statistic and use subgroup and sensitivity analysis to assess the sources of heterogeneity. Discussion: We infer that PTSD is a common experience during and after infectious disease pandemics, especially COVID-19. The findings of this study can be used by health policymakers and other stakeholders and will provide a path to future studies. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Iranian Journal of Psychiatry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tehran University of Medical Sciences Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Psychiatry https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/aef7053e850fde43ffdf7fb152811405.pdf 4a25b83ed93ccd0dac81c88a1b33e6de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Information Typology in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis; a Commentary Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Kazempour, Hasan Ashrafi rizi Description An account of the resource Introduction: In late 2019 and early 2020, many people in different countries around the world became infected by the new Coronavirus. This created challenges for these countries in many aspects including economic, political, social, health and so on. Some of these challenges are directly or indirectly related to information discussion, because providing the right information, at the right time and to the right audience, can solve or reduce some of the challenges. However, there were problems in this process during this crisis, as various individuals and organizations began to produce and disseminate information that, given the special circumstances of this crisis (that most countries have rarely experienced), produced types of information that are worth consideration. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource coronavirus, disaster planning, access to information, Confidentiality, Information Typology Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.22037/aaem.v8i1.591 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/268dfbd38c25cf1a4b6b09f454ae1a4f.pdf b49f05e781fa8078c34ec880362ed225 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A potential hypothesis for 2019-nCoV infection therapy through delivery of recombinant ACE2 by red blood cell-hitchhiking Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Sadat Aghili, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei, Mehdi Banitalebi-Dehkordi Description An account of the resource Abstract A novel infectious disease, caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is responsible for the recent outbreak of severe respiratory disease. The 2019-nCoV spread rapidly and reaching epidemic proportions in many countries of the world. ACE2 was identified as a key receptor for 2019-nCoV infections. Excessive form of soluble ACE2 rescues cellular ACE2 activity which has a protective role in acute lung failure and neutralizes the virus. The short half-life of ACE2 is a major limitation to its practical application. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are one of the most widely investigated approaches for developing novel therapies for a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, nanoparticles suffer from the rapid removal from the bloodstream by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). A noncovalent attachment of nanoparticles to RBCs increases their half-life in blood and allows transient accumulation in the lungs, while decreases their uptake by the liver and spleen. Connecting the recombinant ACE2 into the surface of nanoparticles that were attached to RBCs can be a potential therapeutic approach for 2019-nCoV infection through increasing their lung targeting to naturalize the virus and also acting as a bioreactor in the blood circulation to decrease serum level of Angiotensin II and protects lungs from injury/ARDS. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource 2019ncov, ACE2, nanoparticles, Drug Delivery, RBC hitchhiking Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1186/s40709-020-00129-y Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Epidemiology and Health Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Korean Society of Epidemiology Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General) https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/1234a33178cddb84c7e907d5faadb9fb.pdf 1b4165ea0e8380fbd80f2d88fc6b7427 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Demyelination as a result of an immune response in patients with COVID-19. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zahra Shabani Description An account of the resource The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2), that already appeared as a global pandemic. Presentation of the disease often includes upper respiratory symptoms like dry cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and rhinorrhea that can develop to respiratory failure, needing intubation. Furthermore, the occurrence of acute and subacute neurological manifestations such as stroke, encephalitis, headache, and seizures are frequently stated in patients with COVID-19. One of the reported neurological complications of severe COVID-19 is the demolition of the myelin sheath. Indeed, the complex immunological dysfunction provides a substrate for the development of demyelination. Nevertheless, few published reports in the literature describe demyelination in subjects with COVID-19. In this short narrative review, we discuss probable pathological mechanisms that may trigger demyelination in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and summarize the clinical evidence, confirming SARS-CoV-2 condition as a risk factor for the destruction of myelin. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Subject The topic of the resource covid-19, SARS‐CoV‐2, immune response, demyelination, multiple sclerosis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 10.1007/s13760-021-01691-5 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Acta neurologica Belgica https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/baa4fd30937b704d36e217aec3bf4b27.pdf f206ded88ce845e545fc36abfdaa76f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultura sostenible Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Agricultura sostenible Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Los moluscos terrestres (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de Costa Rica: clasificación, distribución y conservación Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zaidett Barrientos Llosa Description An account of the resource Los moluscos terrestres son un grupo muy poco estudiado a nivel mundial. Hay 183 especies reportadas para Costa Rica, 30% son endémicas y 7% posiblemente están extintas. Se espera que en el país haya alrededor de 400 especies, de más del 95% se desconoce su biología, ecología, distribución, genética y otros campos de estudio. En Costa Rica las familias con mayor número de especies son Spiraxidae, Orthalicidae y Subulinidae. No obstante, es posible que Euconulidae sea aun más diversa, pues habitan las zonas altas del país que es en donde menos trabajo se ha hecho. El estudio de regiones altas aumentará el porcentaje de endemismo. Los futuros trabajos malacológicos taxonómicos, biológicos y ecológicos deben considerar la poca movilidad de este grupo, su tendencia a formar especies nuevas en simpatría, la especificidad de requerimientos de microhábitat, el hermafroditismo, la alta tasa de evolución (10% por millón de años) y la divergencia entre especies (2-30%). Para proteger adecuadamente la biodiversidad de la malacofauna costarricense, se requiere de estudios que determinen la distribución y abundancia de las especies y el efecto del uso de la tierra y del climático.Terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Costa Rica: classification, distribution and conservation. Terrestrial mollusks are poorly known worldwide. The country has 183 reported species, 30% endemic and 7% are probably extinct. About 400 species are expected to inhabit the country. Biology, ecology, distribution, genetics and other areas of research are unknown for more than 95% of the species. The most diverse families are Spiraxidae, Orthalicidae and Subulinidae. However, the family that may have more species is Euconulidae. Euconulids inhabit the highlands, where less work has been done. The study of species of highlands will also rise the endemism rate. Future taxonomic, biological and ecological work should consider their low vagility, tendency to produce new taxa in sympatry, specific microhabitat requirements, hermaphroditism, high evolutionary rate (10% per million years), and divergence between species (2 to 30%). Urgent studies to protect the Costa Rican malacofauna include: distribution, abundance, effect of land use and climate changes on populations. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (4): 1165-1175. Epub 2010 December 01. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Subject The topic of the resource Land snails, conservación de invertebrados, endemism, endemismo, invertebrate conservation, moluscos terrestres Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Revista de Biología Tropical Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Vicerractoría Investigación Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General) Relation A related resource <a href="http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442010000400010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-77442010000400010</a>