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In order to study the spatial structure of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand at optimal stage, this research was carried out in the Caspian forests of Iran. The studied site consisted of a natural stand located at Sangdeh district…

The modern concept of surveillance has evolved over the centuries. Publichealth surveillance provides the scientific database essential for decisionmaking and appropriate public health action. It is considered as the bestpublic health tool to prevent…

The positive-strand coronavirus genome of ~30 kilobase in length and subgenomic (sg) mRNAs of shorter lengths, are 5' and 3'-co-terminal by virtue of a common 5'-capped leader and a common 3'-polyadenylated untranslated region. Here, by ligating…

Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) was investigated in 38 chronic hepatitis patients (25 hepatitis B, 13 hepatitis C). Control group included 22 healthy persons. Results of the colorimetric measurements of TAOC with Randox kit showed that TAOC was…

Staphylococcus aureus strains of the 8325 lineage, especially 8325-4 and derivatives lacking prophage, have been used extensively for decades of research. We report herein the results of our deep sequence analysis of strain 8325-4. Assignment of…

Certain short peptides do not occur in humans and are rare or non-existent in the universal proteome. Antigens that contain rare amino acid sequences are in general highly immunogenic and may activate different arms of the immune system. We first…

Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). In recent years, EV-71 infections were reported to cause high fatalities and severe neurological complications in Asia. Currently, no effective antiviral or…

Ethical considerations are essential in planning for and responding to outbreaks of infectious diseases. During the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Republic of Korea in 2015, serious challenges emerged…

China’s progress on communicable disease control (CDC) in the 30 years after establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949 is widely regarded as remarkable. Life expectancy soared by around 30 years, infant mortality plummeted and smallpox, sexually…

BACKGROUND: The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 presented clinicians with a new, life-threatening disease for which they had no experience in treating and no research on the effectiveness of treatment options. The World Health Organization (WHO) expert…