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                <text>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have revolutionized the management and prognosis of fit patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, the publication of 5-year survival rates has cemented the role of ICPIs in NSCLC. An ongoing challenge is to determine the optimal treatment duration to find the balance between efficacy, toxicity and cost. From the onset of ICPI trials, different durations were used, ranging from treatment until progression or toxicity, to fixed durations of 2 years. Subsequently, exploratory analyses from a 1-year fixed duration trial failed to change practice. There are, to date, no adequately powered prospective trials addressing this important question. With today's severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic, more than ever, the question resurfaces with added factors tilting the already shaky therapeutic balance. Here, we will discuss current data regarding ICPI treatment duration and incorporate this into the context of the ongoing pandemic. We conclude with a discussion of pragmatic approaches, should physicians be unable to continue standard therapy.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00862</text>
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                <text>Diego Redolar-Ripoll, Javier C. Vázquez</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.18332/tid/120005</text>
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                <text>Carmen Hubbard, Francisco Areal, Mark Shucksmith, Ruth McAreavey, Luca Panzone, Jeremy Phillipson, Matthew Gorton, Roger Turner, Katie Aitken-McDermott, Paul Cowie, Sara Maioli, Diogo Souza Monteiro, Robert Newbery, Frances Rowe, Sally Shortall</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/su12103973</text>
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                <text>Environmental sciences, Renewable energy sources, Environmental effects of industries and plants</text>
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                <text>The pandemics of COVID-19 triggered out an alarm on the public health surveillance. The popularity of wearable devices enables a new perspective for the precaution of the infectious diseases. In this study, we propose a framework, which is based on the heart rate and sleep data collected from the wearable devices, to predict the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in different countries and cities. On top of a physiological anomaly detection algorithm defined based on wearable device data, an online neural network prediction modelling methodology combining both detected physiological anomaly rate and historical COVID-19 infection rate is explored. 4 models are trained separately according to geographical segmentation, i.e., North China, Central China, South China, and South-Central Europe. The de-identified sensor data from about 1.3 million wearable device users are used for verification. Experiment results indicate that the prediction models can be utilized to alert the outbreak of COVID-19 in advance, which sheds light on a health surveillance system with wearable device.</text>
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                <text>Moscow State University, Faculty of Economics</text>
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                <text>The economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic: which groups will suffer more in terms of loss of employment and income?</text>
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                <text>The paper estimates the scale of the possible impact of the coronavirus epidemic on the Russian labor market and household incomes. We consider vulnerable employment, which includes workers with increased risks of job loss, wage cuts and other negative events that reduce labor incomes.        The analysis shows that every second Russian worker can be classified as vulnerable employee. The highest risks for reducing labor incomes as a result of the epidemic are faced by young people, workers with a low level of education, as well as residents of regional centers. About a third of vulnerable employees experience complex vulnerability, i.e. meet several criteria of vulnerability.        A decrease in labor incomes could also affect the wealth of about 40% of Russian households. The worst situation is for younger families, whose incomes are much more dependent on the labor market. Most of the households in which vulnerable workers live do not receive social benefits, and therefore it would be rather difficult for them to count on prompt assistance from the social protection system.        Currently Russia is actively developing a set of measures to support employment. In particular, government decided to provide support for the most affected by COVID sectors, the size of unemployment benefits has been increased for citizens who have lost their jobs due to the epidemic. However, it is obvious that this list should be extended and account for various forms of deterioration of employment.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3897/popecon.4.e53194</text>
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                <text>Moscow State University, Faculty of Economics</text>
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                <text>The research note examines some aspects of the medium-term adaptation of public health care systems to the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic consequences of the pandemic are likely to tighten the budget constraints in public healthcare, what will force policymakers to reallocate, rather increase financing; this reallocation should be done taking into consideration new disease and disability risk profile. Epidemiological uncertainty will additionally complicate the planning.</text>
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                <text>The article considers institutional responses to the challenges created by COVID-19 pandemic. The comparison of discrete structural alternatives is one of the most important principles of institutional analysis. It means that policymakers and researchers rely on a countable set of legal options in the course of comparison of different institutions designed to solve one or another problem. COVID-19 pandemic provoked the elaboration of “intermediate” normative solutions, thus changing the legal framework and leading to the formation of the short-term “institutional continuum” instead of the established spectrum of alternatives.</text>
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