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                <text>Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan</text>
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                <text>Makoto Tobe, Ruoyan Gai</text>
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                <text>Abstract Amid the global pandemic of a novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare delivery system is being stretched. In Japan, rapid spread of the epidemic brings hospitals to the brink of exhaustion. This commentary aims to briefly review related policies of Japan in managing healthcare delivery system. Among the relevant actions, strengthening the hospitalized care is emphasized to save lives. Despite of limitations, the policies show a success in preventing a collapse of healthcare delivery system and skyrocketing mortality from happening so far. On the other hand, huge concerns remain if the infections continue to rapidly increase. The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s41256-020-00149-0</text>
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                <text>Global Health Research and Policy</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Prioritizing vulnerable populations and women on the frontlines: COVID-19 in humanitarian contexts</text>
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                <text>Vandana Sharma, Jennifer Scott, Jocelyn Kelly, Michael J. VanRooyen</text>
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                <text>Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak has been declared a global pandemic and cases are being reported among displaced populations that are particularly vulnerable to infection. Humanitarian workers on the frontlines of the response are working in some of the most challenging contexts and also face elevated risk of contracting COVID-19 and potential stigmatization or violence in the community. Women humanitarians may be at even greater risk, but their protection is dependent on organization-specific policies and procedures. Without gender balance in leadership positions, the specific needs of women may not be prioritized and women may not be included in decision-making or design of responses. Ensuring gender equitable access to personal protective equipment and information is imperative, but additional measures must be put into place to ensure the protection of women on the frontlines while reducing COVID-19 deaths and adverse health effects among displaced populations.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>gender, Women, COVID-19, Displaced populations, Humanitarian contexts, Essential workers</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01186-4</text>
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                <text>International Journal for Equity in Health</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>When there is a pandemic there is no time to waste: should we have hydroxychloroquine in our armoury against COVID-19 infected patients?</text>
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                <text>Konstantinos Gourgoulianis, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Lazaros I. Sakkas, Epaminondas Zakynthinos, Zoi Daniil</text>
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                <text>The current use of chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine, a drug currently used to treat autoimmune rheumatic diseases, in treating severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) or COVID-19-infected patients with pneumonia is a matter of intense consideration. We wish to enter the ongoing debate as to whether this well-known drug must be given to Greek COVID-19-infected patients, especially those with pneumonia. Our arguments are based on the existing data and the capacity of the Greek health system to afford potent anti-viral treatments, which are under immense investigation. We propose several suggestions related to treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine that we think must be taken into consideration to fit the evolving situation of the pandemic in Greece.</text>
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                <text>2019</text>
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                <text>chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, Pandemic, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.31138/mjr.31.1.94</text>
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                <text>Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology</text>
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                <text>PCO Convin S.A.</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the musculoskeletal system</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?</text>
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                <text>Penny Spikins, Barry Wright, Hannah Pearson</text>
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                <text>In a special issue that focuses on complex presentations related to Autism, we ask the question in this editorial whether an Autism Spectrum Condition without complexity is a disorder, or whether it represents human diversity? Much research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) over the years has focused on comparisons between neuro-typical people and people with Autism Spectrum Conditions. These comparisons have tended to draw attention to ‘deficits’ in cognitive abilities and descriptions of behaviours that are characterised as unwanted. Not surprisingly, this is reflected in the classification systems from the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. Public opinion about ASC may be influenced by presentations in the media of those with ASC who also have intellectual disability. Given that diagnostic systems are intended to help us better understand conditions in order to seek improved outcomes, we propose a more constructive approach to descriptions that uses more positive language, and balances descriptions of deficits with research finding of strengths and differences. We propose that this will be more helpful to individuals on the Autism Spectrum, both in terms of individual self-view, but also in terms of how society views Autism Spectrum Conditions more positively. Commentary has also been made on guidance that has been adjusted for people with ASC in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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                <text>autism, Diagnostic criteria, positive, strengths, COVID-19, autism spectrum condition (ASC)</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/medicina56050233</text>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Medicine (General)</text>
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                <text>Tiago Torres, Miguel Nogueira, Ron Vender</text>
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                <text>The pandemic known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide, with a significant impact on lives all over the world. The complexity related to the new coronavirus and the clinical syndrome it causes is not yet fully understood. The impact of COVID-19 on patients with psoriasis under biologic agents is continuously being observed in this rapidly changing pandemic. A case-by-case evaluation must be made by dermatologists, and the final decision should be discussed and decided by both the patient and the specialist. Observations reveal that immunosuppressive therapy may have a role in the treatment of this virus, placing emphasis on the scenario of safety through maintenance of therapy with biologic agents, especially when there are no signs or symptoms related to the infection or contact with an infected patient.</text>
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                <text>psoriasis, coronavirus, biologic, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-10</text>
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                <text>Drugs in Context</text>
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                <text>Therapeutics. Pharmacology</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Ismael San Mauro-Martín, Jesus M. Culebras, Luis Vicente Vacas</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Gripe, peste, pandemia, COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.19230/jonnpr.3750</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Jounal of Negative and No Positive Results</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Asociación Para el Progreso de la Biomedicina</text>
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                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Otorhinolaryngology Out-Patient Practice in the “Post”-COVID-19 Era: Ensuring a Balance Between Service and Safety</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24619">
                <text>José Florencio Lapeña, Mark Anthony  Gomez, Ruzanne Caro, Ryner Jose  Carrillo, Franco Louie Abes, Cesar Vincent Villafuerte, Rodante Roldan, Philip Fullante, Justin Elfred Lan Paber, Armando Isla, Rose Alcances-Inocencio, Jose Benedicto Cabazor, Ma. Fita Guzman</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Objective: To review available resources and provide evidence-based recommendations that may optimize otorhinolaryngologic out-patient health care delivery in the “post”-COVID-19 era while ensuring the safety of our patients, healthcare workers and staff.   Data Sources: Relevant peer-reviewed journal articles; task force, organizational and institutional, government and non-government organization recommendations; published guidelines from medical, health-related, and scientific organizations.   Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on the COVID-19 pandemic as it pertained to “post”-COVID 19 out-patient otorhinolaryngologic practice was obtained from peer-reviewed articles, guidelines, recommendations, and statements that were identified through a structured search of the data sources for relevant literature utilizing MEDLINE (through PubMed and PubMed Central PMC), Google (and Google Scholar), HERDIN Plus, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Library, and grey literature including social media (blogs, Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook). In-patient management (including ORL surgical procedures such as tracheostomy) were excluded. Retrieved material was critically appraised and organized according to five discussion themes: physical office set-up, patient processing, personal protection, procedures, and prevention and health-promotion.   Conclusion: These recommendations are consistent with the best available evidence to date, and are globally acceptable while being locally applicable. They address the concerns of otorhinolaryngologists and related specialists about resuming office practice during the “post”-COVID-19 period when strict quarantines are gradually lifted and a transition to the “new” normal is made despite the unavailability of a specific vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. While they target practice settings in the Philippines, they should be useful to ENT (ear, nose &amp; throat) surgeons in other countries in ensuring a balance between service and safety as we continue to serve our patients during these challenging times.   Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; otorhinolaryngology; otolaryngology head and neck surgery; ENT; out-patient practice; clinic practice.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24621">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Otorhinolaryngology, ent, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, outpatient practice, Otolaryngology - head and neck surgery</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24623">
                <text>DOI: 10.32412/pjohns.v35i1.1249</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24624">
                <text>Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24625">
                <text>Philippine Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inc.</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24626">
                <text>Otorhinolaryngology</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24627">
                <text>Fístula aorto-entérica y ley de Murphy</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24628">
                <text>Francisco S. Lozano, Rubén Peña, José  I. González, Felipe Parreño, María Parra, Elisa Diego, Carola Rubio</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24629">
                <text>Objetivo. Reflejar nuestra frustración al perder un paciente, no porque su infrecuente patología sea de por sí muy grave, sino por el acumulo sobreañadido de otros motivos diagnósticos, y terapéuticos en un entorno  hospitalario de epidemia Covid-19.  Método. Primero describimos el proceso diagnóstico, terapéutico y evolutivo (27 febrero al 25 marzo 2020)  de un varón de 73 años portador de una fístula aorto-entérica secundaria a un bypass aortobifemoral, implantado doce años antes en otro hospital. Después presentamos nuestra experiencia (1978-2020) en este  tipo de situaciones, y finalmente realizamos una revisión de la literatura (1953-2020) al respecto.  Resultados. A) Caso clínico: ausencia de diagnóstico precoz, fracaso de la técnica operatoria elegida, importantes complicaciones postoperatorias (hemorragia, infarto cerebral y neumonía bilateral por coronavirus) que finalizo en exitus. B) Experiencia personal: cuatro casos (incluido el referido). C) Revisión de  la literatura: tres revisiones sistemáticas: 564 casos (1953-1993); 386 casos en 58 publicaciones (1991-2006),  823 pacientes en 216 publicaciones (1995-2015) y 20 casos en 14 publicaciones (2016-2020).  Conclusión. Si en situaciones normales una fístula aorto-entérica es una condición que amenaza seriamente  la vida del paciente (hemorragia y/o infección), no debe extrañar que en situaciones excepcionales esa  situación de gravedad se incremente. No obstante, de estas malas experiencias estamos obligados a sacar  enseñanzas que beneficien a otros en el futuro.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24631">
                <text>Fístula Aorto-entérica, fistula aortoduodenal, fistual aortoentérica secundaria, fistula aortoduodenal secundaria, fístula protésico-entérica, fistula paraprotésica, erosión protésico-entérica</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24632">
                <text>DOI: 10.19230/jonnpr.3727</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24633">
                <text>Jounal of Negative and No Positive Results</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24634">
                <text>Asociación Para el Progreso de la Biomedicina</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24635">
                <text>Science, Medicine</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24636">
                <text>Forecasting COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations under Different Levels of Social Distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy: Results from an Extended SEIR Compartmental Model</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24637">
                <text>Jacopo Lenzi, Riccardo Valentini, Biao Tang, Maria Pia Fantini, Alessandro Lanza, Davide Gori, Antonio Navarra, Chiara Reno, Eleonora Barelli</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of 17 April 2020, more than 2 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Northern Italy is one of the world’s centers of active coronavirus cases. In this study, we predicted the spread of COVID-19 and its burden on hospital care under different conditions of social distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, the two regions of Italy most affected by the epidemic. To do this, we used a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) deterministic model, which encompasses compartments relevant to public health interventions such as quarantine. A new compartment    L    was added to the model for isolated infected population, i.e., individuals tested positives that do not need hospital care. We found that in Lombardy restrictive containment measures should be prolonged at least until early July to avoid a resurgence of hospitalizations; on the other hand, in Emilia-Romagna the number of hospitalized cases could be kept under a reasonable amount with a higher contact rate. Our results suggest that territory-specific forecasts under different scenarios are crucial to enhance or take new containment measures during the epidemic.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24639">
                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24640">
                <text>coronavirus, Pandemic, public health intervention, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, lockdown</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24641">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051492</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24642">
                <text>Journal of Clinical Medicine</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24643">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24644">
                <text>Medicine</text>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Disinfection of Endoscopy and Reusability of Accessories</text>
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                <text>Praveer Rai</text>
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                <text>Corona viruses are a group of medium-sized positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with crown-like structure due to projections noted over the surface of the virus. The infection has been declared as a pandemic by the world health organization (WHO) in March 2020. Health care professionals in endoscopy are at high risk of infection by novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from inhalation of droplets, conjunctival contact, feces, and touch contamination. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is considered to be a high-risk aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the live virus has been found in patient stool. Flexible endoscopes when contaminated have been considered as the vector for transmission of infections. Infections related to the side viewing endoscopes and endoscopic ultrasound scopes are more frequent than upper GI scope and colonoscopes. Stratifying patients needing endoscopy and deferral of elective procedures will help to decrease the virus spread. Planning and revision of workflows is necessary for safety of patient and staff and to successfully provide infection prevention and control measures, for this a “three zones and two passages” concept should be followed. Manual cleaning followed by high-level disinfection (HLD), effectively eliminates nearly all microorganisms from endoscopes during reprocessing. Transmission of viral infections during endoscopy is quite rare and, it is usually the result of noncompliance from the essential steps of reprocessing. Reuse of any disposable GI endoscopic device is strongly discouraged. Environmental decontamination is essential to reduce the risk of fomite transmission. Noncritical environmental surfaces frequently touched by hands (e.g., bedside tables and bed rails) and endoscopy furniture and floor should be considered heavily contaminated in patients with intermediate or high risk of COVID-19 and should be thoroughly disinfected at the end of each procedure. If available, negative pressure rooms are preferred for endoscopy, as has been advised by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Staff involved in reprocessing and the cleaning of endoscopy rooms should utilize personal protective equipment (PPE) including N95 mask. Reprocessing staff should undergo necessary training and ongoing annual assessment of competency.</text>
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                <text>disinfection, Endoscopy, Endoscopic accessories, coivd-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712238</text>
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                <text>Journal of Digestive Endoscopy</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Thieme Publishers</text>
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                <text>Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology</text>
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