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                <text>COVID-19 EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ VE TEDBİRLER: TÜRKİYE’DE “HELİKOPTER PARA” UYGULAMASI</text>
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                <text>Tüm Dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 salgınının ekonomik yansımaları ciddi şekilde hissedilmeye başlanmıştır. Salgının yarattığı korku ve panik ortamı piyasa mekanizmalarını derinden etkileyerek arz ve talep şoklarına sebep olmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkeler başta olmak üzere her ülke kendi olanakları dahilinde parasal genişlemelerle desteklenen ekonomik politika tedbirlerini uygulamaya başlamışlardır. 2020 yılı tüm Dünyada negatif büyüme ve artan işsizlik sorunu ile geçeceği ise tahminlerin ortak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Ekonomik anlamda küresel rekabetin ikinci plana bırakıldığı bu dönemde regülasyon uygulamalarının da arttığı gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Covid-19 ekonomik önlemleri kapsamında Türkiye özelinde uygulanan politikaların bütün halinde “helikopter para” teorisine ne oranda benzediği, bu kapsamda da olası olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir.</text>
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                <text>Para Politikası, COVID-19, maliye politikası, helikopter para</text>
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                <text>Ekonomi Maliye İşletme Dergisi</text>
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                <text>Eye care professionals are susceptible to contract COVID-19 infection due to the presence of the virus in tears and conjunctival secretions and, also, partly due to the proximity required during ophthalmic examination. Although infrequent, ocular features include conjunctivitis (predominant), chemosis, follicles, itching, dry eye, and tearing. In this article, we have outlined salient safety recommendations at outpatient, inpatient and operation theater level for both patients as well as health care workers. Some of them being, creation of special triage areas at ophthalmology clinic for the screening of patients, things to be avoided at each level, procedures to manage appointments, examination room modifications, operation theater protocols, a suggestion for prioritizing cases, and finally airflow and hospital staff management. These suggestions, along with local hospital-specific modifications, will help us to go a long way in the battle against COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>rehabilitation, Spasticity, Botulinum toxin, Intrathecal baclofen, COVID-19, Pandemic COVID-19</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00719</text>
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                <text>Frontiers in Neurology</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ VE GELECEĞİN PARA BİRİMİ OLARAK MERKEZ BANKASI DİJİTAL PARA BİRİMİ</text>
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                <text>Çin'in Hubei eyaletinin başkenti Wuhan'da Aralık 2019'da tespit edilen ve küresel olarak yayılarak 2019-2020 koronavirüs pandemisine neden olan Coronavirus hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) nakit yoluyla viral bulaşma konusunda endişelere yol açarak, banknot ve madeni para kullanımını azaltmış ve insanların ödeme yapma şekillerinde değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Bu durum, çok çeşitli tehditlere karşı dirençli olması gerektiği düşünülen yeni bir dijital ödeme sistemi olarak “Merkez Bankası Dijital Para Biriminin” devreye sokulmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu makale, Merkez Bankası Dijital Para Birimleri (CBDC) hakkında Finans ve Yatırım okuyucularına kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmaktadır. CBDC’lere olan ilgi kripto para birimlerinin ortaya çıkışı ve dijital işlemlerin yükselişi, nakit para kullanımının azalması gibi 2008 krizi ile başlayan gelişmelerden kaynaklanır. Bazı büyük Merkez Bankaları, egemen dijital para birimlerinin kullanılmaya başlanmasını aktif olarak araştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Merkez Bankası Dijital Para Biriminin para sisteminin tüm yönlerini nasıl dönüştürebileceğini ve para politikasının sistematik ve şeffaf yürütülmesini nasıl kolaylaştırabileceği E-Peso ve E-Krona örnekleri üzerinden incelenmiştir.</text>
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                <text>¿De qué están hablando los arquitectos en Chile? Crisis social y coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Nicolas Valencia</text>
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                <text>La crisis social en Chile, conocida como 18-O, motivó a los arquitectos a preguntarnos por nuestro rol tras el estallido. Si bien el primer impulso fue responder a través del diseño de objetos sobreteorizados, los medios de comunicación recurrieron a los arquitectos para explicar la desigualdad en las ciudades, mientras los expertos urbanos comenzaron a vertebrar lo que pasaba en la calle apoyados en las investigaciones de desigualdad y bienestar territorial desarrolladas por universidades  y centros de estudios en la última década. Un mes después del 18-O, el acuerdo parlamentario para desarrollar un plebiscito constitucional en 2020 confirmó un giro en el debate disciplinar, ahora las soluciones eran estructurales con énfasis en lo territorial y las políticas públicas. No obstante, la crisis social quedó en pausa tras la actual crisis sanitaria global producto del coronavirus. Desde entonces, la discusión ha girado hasta ahora en torno al futuro de las ciudades y los desafíos que emergieron de la cuarentena para el ejercicio privado, la academia y la sociedad en general.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>ciudades, Políticas públicas, Chile, coronavirus, Crisis social</text>
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                <text>Veredes, Arquitectura y Divulgación</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Veredes</text>
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                <text>Architecture</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>MicroGMT: A Mutation Tracker for SARS-CoV-2 and Other Microbial Genome Sequences</text>
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                <text>Xiao Li, Xiang Gao, Yu eXing, Qunfeng Dong</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>With the continued spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus around the world, researchers often need to quickly identify novel mutations in newly sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes for studying the molecular evolution and epidemiology of the virus. We have developed a Python package, MicroGMT, which takes either raw sequence reads or assembled genome sequences as input and compares against database sequences to identify and characterize indels and point mutations. Although our default setting is optimized for SARS-CoV-2 virus, the package can be also applied to any other microbial genomes. The software is freely available at Github URL https://github.com/qunfengdong/MicroGMT.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>mutation, Epidemiology, Bioinformatics, molecular evolution, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01502</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38413">
                <text>Frontiers in Microbiology</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38414">
                <text>Frontiers Media S.A.</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38415">
                <text>Microbiology</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Impact of COVID-19 on HIV Treatment and Research: A Call to Action</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Kemesha Gabbidon, Tiffany Chenneville, Patricia Hanson, Cashea Holyfield</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is far reaching, with devastating effects on individuals, communities, and societies across the world. People with chronic health conditions may be at greater risk of contracting or experiencing complications from COVID-19. In addition to illness or death for those who contract the virus, the physical distancing required to flatten the curve of new cases is having a negative impact on the economy, the effects of which intersect with mental health and other existing health concerns, thus affecting marginalized communities. Given that HIV also has a disproportionate impact on marginalized communities, COVID-19 is affecting people with HIV (PWH) in unique ways and will continue to have an impact on HIV research and treatment after the COVID-19 crisis passes. Using the biopsychosocial framework to contextualize the impact of COVID-19 on PWH, the purpose of this review article is to: (1) outline the similarities and differences between the COVID-19 and HIV pandemics; (2) describe the current and future impact of COVID-19 on PWH; and (3) outline a call to action for scientists and practitioners to respond to the impact of COVID-19 on HIV prevention and treatment.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38419">
                <text>2020</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38420">
                <text>HIV, health disparities, Aids, coronavirus, COVID-19</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38421">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124548</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38422">
                <text>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38423">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38424">
                <text>Medicine</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="1">
                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptor Antagonist Famotidine as a Therapeutic Alternative Against SARS-CoV2: An In Silico Analysis</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38426">
                <text>María Luisa Serrano, Joseph T. Ortega, Beata Jastrzebska</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38427">
                <text>The pandemic associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV2) and its disease named COVID-19 challenged the scientific community to discover effective therapeutic solutions in a short period. Repurposing existing drugs is one viable approach that emphasizes speed during these urgent times. Famotidine, a class A G protein-coupled receptor antagonist used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux was recently identified in an in silico screening. Additionally, a recent retrospective clinical report showed that the treatment with famotidine provided a good outcome in patients infected with SARS-CoV2. A clinical trial testing effectiveness of famotidine in combination with hydroxychloroquine is currently ongoing in the United States (US). In the 1990s, famotidine was described as an antiviral agent against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Interestingly, some HIV protease inhibitors are presently being used against SARS-CoV2. However, it is not clear if famotidine could be effective against SARS-CoV2. Thus, by using a computational analysis, we aimed to examine if the antiviral effect of famotidine could be related to the inhibition of proteases involved in the virus replication. Our results showed that famotidine could interact within the catalytic site of the three proteases associated with SARS-CoV2 replication. However, weak binding affinity of famotidine to these proteases suggests that a successful famotidine therapy could likely be achieved only in combination with other antiviral drugs. Finally, analysis of famotidine’s pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that its effect against SARS-CoV2 infection could be reached only upon intravenous administration. This work will contribute to the pharmacological knowledge of famotidine as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV2.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38429">
                <text>G-protein-coupled receptor, inhibitors, proteases, Antiviral therapy, SARS-CoV-2</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38430">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/biom10060954</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38431">
                <text>Biomolecules</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38432">
                <text>MDPI AG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38433">
                <text>Microbiology</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA)—From Immunology to Treatment</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38435">
                <text>David S. Perlin, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Agostinho Carvalho, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Robert Krause, Amir Arastehfar, Philipp Koehler, Martin Hoenigl, Oliver A. Cornely, Jeffrey D. Jenks</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Like severe influenza, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has emerged as an important disease that predisposes patients to secondary pulmonary aspergillosis, with 35 cases of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) published until June 2020. The release of danger-associated molecular patterns during severe COVID-19 results in both pulmonary epithelial damage and inflammatory disease, which are predisposing risk factors for pulmonary aspergillosis. Moreover, collateral effects of host recognition pathways required for the activation of antiviral immunity may, paradoxically, contribute to a highly permissive inflammatory environment that favors fungal pathogenesis. Diagnosis of CAPA remains challenging, mainly because bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan testing and culture, which represent the most sensitive diagnostic tests for aspergillosis in the ICU, are hindered by the fact that bronchoscopies are rarely performed in COVID-19 patients due to the risk of disease transmission. Similarly, autopsies are rarely performed, which may result in an underestimation of the prevalence of CAPA. Finally, the treatment of CAPA is complicated by drug–drug interactions associated with broad spectrum azoles, renal tropism and damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, which may challenge the use of liposomal amphotericin B, as well as the emergence of azole-resistance. This clinical reality creates an urgency for new antifungal drugs currently in advanced clinical development with more promising pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38437">
                <text>2020</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="38438">
                <text>co-infection, Risk factors, Superinfection, &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt;, novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38439">
                <text>DOI: 10.3390/jof6020091</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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                <text>Biology (General)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                  <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model</text>
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                <text>Michelle L. Baker, Peter A. Durr, Victoria Boyd, Vinod Sundaramoorthy, Elizabeth  A. Pharo, Sinéad  M. Williams</text>
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                <text>The respiratory Influenza A Viruses (IAVs) and emerging zoonotic viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pose a significant threat to human health. To accelerate our understanding of the host–pathogen response to respiratory viruses, the use of more complex in vitro systems such as normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell culture models has gained prominence as an alternative to animal models. NHBE cells were differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions to form an in vitro pseudostratified epithelium. The responses of well-differentiated (wd) NHBE cells were examined following infection with the 2009 pandemic Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 strain or following challenge with the dsRNA mimic, poly(I:C). At 30 h postinfection with H1N1pdm09, the integrity of the airway epithelium was severely impaired and apical junction complex damage was exhibited by the disassembly of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) from the cell cytoskeleton. wdNHBE cells produced an innate immune response to IAV-infection with increased transcription of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the antiviral viperin but reduced expression of the mucin-encoding MUC5B, which may impair mucociliary clearance. Poly(I:C) produced similar responses to IAV, with the exception of MUC5B expression which was more than 3-fold higher than for control cells. This study demonstrates that wdNHBE cells are an appropriate ex-vivo model system to investigate the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>epithelium, cytokine, lung, antiviral, innate immune system, chemokine</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3390/v12060679</text>
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                <text>Viruses</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>MDPI AG</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Microbiology</text>
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