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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic is having a severe effects on both workers and employers in different countries andindustries worldwide. In this paper we analyzed the impact of the corona crisis on the global economic growth and themain questions addressed here are the effects of corona crisis on the global manufacturing activity and serviceindustry.The research results showed that at the beginning of 2020 when the coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, Chinaand has spread around the world causing a pandemic, it brought the global economy on its knees in a very short periodof time. Also, the results indicate that the global economy will take years to recover from the corona crisis.The research is done by exploring of the latest economic analysis related to the COVID-19 pandemic in orderto identify its effects on world economy throughout the first half of 2020</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus hit hard the Islamic Republic of Iran. From the pandemic outbreak in February 2020, until May, Iran has registered the highest mortality rate in the Middle East. According to data released by the Iranian Health Ministry, the number of cases have reached 100.000; the deaths 6.340. Alarming numbers, which several experts consider to be low estimates. While public attention focused on the Iranian government’s inefficiency to contain the rapid diffusion of the virus, very little has been said about the impact of American sanctions on the Iranian health system.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.22141/2312-413x.8.2.2020.199729</text>
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                <text>This article presents a review of the ocular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using materials of Russian and international researchers. After the outbreak of COVID-19 began in China in December 2019, isolated works on ocular manifestations of coronavirus infection began to appear in the literature. The review article summarizes data on the origin and species of viruses that infect humans, the structure of coronaviruses, and intermediate hosts of the virus. A separate chapter is devoted to the mode of transmission for infectious. Itis shown that the main route of COVID-19 transmission from person to person is airborne. Of great interest to the ophthalmologists is the review of works devoted to the virus detection in the conjunctival sac. In particular, some studies have shown that in patients with COVID-19, the virus is present in the lacrimal fluid. According to the authors, it indicates that coronavirus might be transmitted through the conjunctiva. These statements are confirmed by clinical and experimental researches. The presence of coronavirus in tears indicates the possibility to cause disease by the ocular route. That is a potential infection source for different types of physicians during routine examinations of patients, and especially by ophthalmologists. Therefore healthcare workers should wear eye protection when dealing with patients who may have COVID-19. Ophthalmologists must take necessary safety precautions, even in conducting a routine physical examination. It is also worth noting that conjunctivitis can be the first symptom of COVID-19. It is proved that the virus in the conjunctiva was detected even in patients without symptoms of eye inflammation. Also interesting for researchers is the manifestations of coronavirus infection in animals, which, according to the authors, is essential for understanding the possible mechanisms of disease development and manifestations in humans.</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.17816/KMJ2020-371</text>
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                <text>Kazanskij Medicinskij Žurnal</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus infection, ER stress and Apoptosis</text>
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                <text>TO SING eFUNG, Ding Xiang eLiu</text>
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                <text>The replication of coronavirus, a family of important animal and human pathogens, is closely associated with the cellular membrane compartments, especially the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Coronavirus infection of cultured cells was previously shown to cause ER stress and induce the unfolded protein response (UPR), a process that aims to restore the ER homeostasis by global translation shutdown and increasing the ER folding capacity. However under prolonged ER stress, UPR can also induce apoptotic cell death. Accumulating evidence from recent studies has shown that induction of ER stress and UPR may constitute a major aspect of coronavirus-host interaction. Activation of the three branches of UPR modulates a wide variety of signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases activation, autophagy, apoptosis and innate immune response.  ER stress and UPR activation may therefore contribute significantly to the viral replication and pathogenesis during coronavirus infection. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on coronavirus-induced ER stress and UPR activation, with emphasis on their cross-talking to apoptotic signaling.</text>
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                <text>apoptosis, coronavirus, Unfolded Protein Response, ER stress, signal transduction pathways, Proinflammatory cytokines</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00296</text>
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