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                <text>Snehal Turakhia, Yeshwant Saoji, Aditya Goyal, Prema Chande, Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen, Nagaraju Konda, Nilesh Thite, Deepak K Bagga, Jayanta Bhattacharjee, Rajeev Prasad, Sanjay Mishra, Lakshmi Shinde</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption in everyone's lives globally. Optometrists, being primary health care professionals are at a higher risk of infection in their practices during these testing times. Optometrists and optical store owners need practically implementable guidelines as lockdown gets lifted in various parts of our country. As these practices gear up to provide eye examination and vision correction to people, they need to take necessary precautions to avoid any cross contaminations. Optometry Council of India guidelines were circulated among optometry and optical associations and among experts in various optometry specialty. A consensus among various bodies were arrived. These guidelines provide recommendation for optical and optometry practices.</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Bassel Tarakji, Mohammad Zakaria Nassani, Faisal Mehsen Alali, Abdulwahab A Abuderman</text>
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                <text>Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This study aimed to address the preventive procedures to protect healthcare workers at hospital to avoid COVID-19, and infection control procedures to protect dental professionals in dental office. We conducted a search of published articles from PubMed, google scholar databases using key words such as COVID-19, healthcare worker, infection control, and dental practice. Relevant articles were identified and reviewed. Most published papers were clinical reports and case studies. We have selected some of the current published papers written in English in 2020. Infection control procedures to protect health workers at hospitals, and dental professionals at dental office were summurised and presented. Infection control procedures for healthcare workers at hospitals include Personal protective equipment, Korea filter (KF)94 respirator, goggles, face protector, disposable waterproof long-arm gown, and gloves, and others. Extra-protection procedures should be taken with old and vulnerable healthcare workers. Dental professionals should evaluate patients in advance before starting dental treatment. Aerosols generating procedures should be avoided and personal protective equipment should be used. Dental treatment should be restricted to emergency cases only. Old medical staff should be in safer distance to avoid infection, but young physicians and nurses should work at frontline as their immunity is better than their colleagues at old age. Screening patients and measurement of the body temperature are essential measures before dental treatment.</text>
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                <text>Loneliness is a major risk factor for the elderly and can double their problems. When COVID-19 started, things became more difficult for the elderly. The news that the elderly are at a higher risk for severe COVID-19 than others made the elderly lonelier. This is a library type study that was conducted over 2 months using valid scientific sources and books. Based on the findings of this study, we believe that focusing on education and reminding people of the necessary dos and don’ts of illness, modifying their diet, emphasizing masking, and even familiarizing the elderly with social media and virtual activities will prevent them from suffering loneliness.</text>
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                <text>Using a mathematical model for COVID-19 incorporating data on excess of mortality compared to the corresponding period of the previous year obtained from the daily monitoring of mortality in Spain (MoMo), the prediction of total number of casualties in Spain for the first outbreak has been computed. From this figure, and following a stepwise meta-analysis of available reports, the case fatality rate (CFR) and the infectious case fatality rate (IFR) for the outbreak have been estimated. As the impact of age on these rates is notable, it is proposed to include an age-related adjusted fatality ratio in future comparative analyses between studies, calculated by adjusting the results by risk ratio to a reference age band (e.g., 60–69). From the casualty figures, and the corresponding CFR and IFR ratios, the forecast of serologically positive cases in the general Spanish population has been estimated at approximately 1% (0.87–1.3%) of the samples. If the data are confirmed by the ongoing study of the Carlos III Institute, until a vaccine is found, the immunity acquired in the general population after the infectious outbreak is far from the 65–70% herd immunity required as a barrier for COVID-19.</text>
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                <text>covid-19, Case fatality rate, herd immunity, Mathematical epidemiology, health care planning, Health economy</text>
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                <text>Biotemas</text>
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                <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable energy sources, Environmental sciences</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 heralds a new epistemology of science for the public good.</text>
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                <text>Guido Caniglia, Carlo Jaeger, Eva Schernhammer, Gerald Steiner, Federica Russo, Jürgen Renn, Peter Schlosser, Manfred D Laubichler</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 has revealed that science needs to learn how to better deal with the irreducible uncertainty that comes with global systemic risks as well as with the social responsibility of science towards the public good. Further developing the epistemological principles of new theories and experimental practices, alternative investigative pathways and communication, and diverse voices can be an important contribution of history and philosophy of science and of science studies to ongoing transformations of the scientific enterprise.</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>History and philosophy of the life sciences</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 herd immunity by immunisation: are children in the herd?</text>
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                <text>The Lancet. Infectious diseases</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 Highest Incidence Forecast in Russia Based on Regression Model</text>
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                <text>Iosif Z. Aronov, Nataliia M. Galkina, Olga V. Maksimova</text>
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                <text>The authors suggest a simple regression model of COVID-19 highest incidence prognosis in Russia on the basis of the revealed correlation between the duration of coronavirus peak (plateau) and air traffic volume.  The study base included 37 countries in Europe, South America and Asia. Cluster analysis on the basis of the Euclidean metric for these countries showed the necessity of classifying the USA and China into a separate group, which gave grounds to exclude these countries from the analysis. In addition, Ireland was excluded from the analysis due to its special geographical location. For the remaining countries, the correlation coefficient between the number of airline passengers and the duration of the epidemic before reaching its peak was 0,87, which shows a high level of linear relationship between these indicators. Point forecast for the highest incidence in Russia by regression line falls on the 4th of May. The forecast interval with confidence levelγ=0.9 is ±14 days from the calculated date. The one-way analysis of variance showed that from April 22 to May 2, there was a slowdown in the growth rates of the diseased, which indicates an exit to the plateau.</text>
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                <text>2020</text>
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                <text>covid-19, forecast, regression model, peak (plateau)</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences</text>
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                <text>Mathematics, Technology</text>
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                <text>COVID-19 Impact on Behaviors across the 24-Hour Day in Children and Adolescents: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep</text>
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                <text>Lee Stoner, Gabriel Zieff, Zachary  Y. Kerr, Bethany  Barone Gibbs, Lauren  C. Bates, Kathleen Stanford, Justin  B. Moore, Erik  D. Hanson, Christopher  E. Kline</text>
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                <text>In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, social restrictions to contain the spread of the virus have disrupted behaviors across the 24-h day including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among children (5–12 years old) and adolescents (13–17 years old). Preliminary evidence reports significant decreases in physical activity, increases in sedentary behavior, and disrupted sleep schedules/sleep quality in children and adolescents. This commentary discusses the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on behaviors across the 24-h day in children and adolescents. Furthermore, we suggest recommendations through the lens of a socio-ecological model to provide strategies for lasting behavior change to insure the health and well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.</text>
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                <text>Korean Society of Epidemiology</text>
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