https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/f810d9be2d0857f8a6d5e43e98dfbaae.pdf aa223bd2dc0cf38e7a33d4208a6f7e38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eveline Kindler, Cristina Gil-Cruz, Julia Spanier, Yize Li, Jochen Wilhelm, Huib H. Rabouw, Roland Züst, Mihyun Hwang, Philip Vkovski, Hanspeter Stalder, Sabrina Marti, Matthias Habjan, Luisa Cervantes-Barragan, Ruth Elliot, Nadja Karl, Christina Gaughan, Frank J.M. van Kuppeveld, Robert H. Silverman, Markus Keller, Burkhard Ludewig, Cornelia C. Bergmann, John Ziebuhr, Susan R. Weiss, Ulrich Kalinke, Volker Thiel Description An account of the resource Coronaviruses are of veterinary and medical importance and include highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. They are known to efficiently evade early innate immune responses, manifesting in almost negligible expression of type-I interferons (IFN-I). This evasion strategy suggests an evolutionary conserved viral function that has evolved to prevent RNA-based sensing of infection in vertebrate hosts. Here we show that the coronavirus endonuclease (EndoU) activity is key to prevent early induction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) host cell responses. Replication of EndoU-deficient coronaviruses is greatly attenuated in vivo and severely restricted in primary cells even during the early phase of the infection. In macrophages we found immediate induction of IFN-I expression and RNase L-mediated breakdown of ribosomal RNA. Accordingly, EndoU-deficient viruses can retain replication only in cells that are deficient in IFN-I expression or sensing, and in cells lacking both RNase L and PKR. Collectively our results demonstrate that the coronavirus EndoU efficiently prevents simultaneous activation of host cell dsRNA sensors, such as Mda5, OAS and PKR. The localization of the EndoU activity at the site of viral RNA synthesis-within the replicase complex-suggests that coronaviruses have evolved a viral RNA decay pathway to evade early innate and intrinsic antiviral host cell responses. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived PLoS Pathogens Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Public Library of Science (PLoS) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Biology (General), Immunologic diseases. Allergy Language A language of the resource EN