https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/da21536d07eba93be94fb86c48bbc499.pdf 4746b9a6115462582be7b2df0fec3aa2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coronavirus Description An account of the resource Dominio científico: Coronavirus Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lung microbiota in the acute respiratory disease: from coronavirus to metabolomics Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vassilios Fanos, Maria Cristina Pintus, Roberta Pintus, Maria Antonietta Marcialis Description An account of the resource Healthy lungs are not sterile. In the last decade, it was demonstrated that the healthy lung has its specific microbiota. It is much smaller in numerical terms, compared to the gut microbiota, but it is a unique microbiota that can affect the health and the diseases. With an estimated number of 10-100 bacteria for 1.000 human cells, the lower respiratory tract is one of the less populated surfaces by the bacteria of the whole human body. Even human fetal lungs host a “signature” of the microbiota. The composition of the lung microbiota depends on several factors, including the so-called “microbial immigration” from micro-aspiration and inhalation of microorganisms.The connection between the lung and the gastrointestinal tract is not entirely understood. Patients with respiratory infections generally have gut dysfunctions complications, which are related to a more severe clinical course, thus indicating gut-lung crosstalk. In this review we analyse the lung microbiota in newborns, infants and adults with respiratory disease. In acute pulmonary diseases such as sepsis, trauma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the lung microbiota becomes rich in gut bacteria, such as Bacteroidetes and Enterobacteriaceae. This phenomenon is also called “more gut in the lung”. In acute situations, the gut becomes hyper-permeable (leaky gut), and the bacteria can translocate through the colon wall and reach the lung affecting the inflammation, the infection, and the acute pulmonary damage. The increased gut permeability is associated with an increased alveolus-capillary hyper-permeability as well.There are tight correlations between the lung microbiota and the admission in intensive care. In particular, the modifications of the lung microbiota can help in predicting in which way the patients in critical condition will respond to the treatments. It has been investigated if the different incidence depending on age and the different courses between adults and children for Novel COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be due to the different concentrations and/or activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) at the intestinal and pulmonary level. ACE2 is mainly localized on the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelial cells and it has been hypothesized that gut microbiota influences the action of ACE2. Thus, a close relationship between COVID-19 and the microbiota can be hypothesized (it has been studied in cats). Potential interventions for COVID-19 are: nutritional, antiviral, anti-coronavirus, and miscellanea. Other options could include also probiotics, especially Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, namely L. gasseri. In the next future, metabolomics could be applied in the study of COVID-19, deciphering the secret languages between viruses, bacteria and the organism. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Subject The topic of the resource lung, gut, microbiota, Respiratory disease, pneu­monia, coronavirus, Probiotics, metabolomics Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DOI: 10.7363/090139 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hygeia Press di Corridori Marinella Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Pediatrics, Medicine Language A language of the resource EN, IT