<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="7427" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://www.socictopen.socict.org/items/show/7427?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-06-10T11:26:04+00:00">
  <fileContainer>
    <file fileId="7427">
      <src>https://www.socictopen.socict.org/files/original/e02af1777877744523dbc683a500080d.pdf</src>
      <authentication>3a2dd9dad69c5c290d046b3ec3745b00</authentication>
    </file>
  </fileContainer>
  <collection collectionId="1">
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1">
                <text>Coronavirus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2">
                <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </collection>
  <itemType itemTypeId="1">
    <name>Text</name>
    <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
  </itemType>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65171">
              <text>Increased Metabolic Burden Among Blacks: A Putative Mechanism for&amp;nbsp; Disparate COVID-19 Outcomes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65172">
              <text>Jean-Louis G, Turner AD, Jin P, Liu M, Boutin-Foster C, McFarlane SI, Seixas A</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65173">
              <text>Girardin Jean-Louis,1 Arlener D Turner,1 Peng Jin,2 Mengling Liu,2 Carla Boutin-Foster,3 Samy I McFarlane,3 Azizi Seixas1 1Departments of Population Health, Psychiatry, and Biostatistics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Biostatistics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; 3Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USACorrespondence: Girardin Jean-LouisNYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USATel +1 646.501.3431Email Girardin.Jean-Louis@nyulangone.orgAbstract: Mounting evidence shows a disproportionate COVID-19 burden among Blacks. Early findings indicate pre-existing metabolic burden (eg, obesity, hypertension and diabetes) as key drivers of COVID-19 severity. Since Blacks exhibit higher prevalence of metabolic burden, we examined the influence of metabolic syndrome on disparate COVID-19 burden. We analyzed data from a NIH-funded study to characterize metabolic burden among Blacks in New York (Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study). Patients (n=1035) were recruited from outpatient clinics, where clinical and self-report data were obtained. The vast majority of the sample was overweight/obese (90%); diagnosed with hypertension (93%); dyslipidemia (72%); diabetes (61%); and nearly half of them were at risk for sleep apnea (48%). Older Blacks (age&amp;ge; 65 years) were characterized by higher levels of metabolic burden and co-morbidities (eg, heart disease, cancer). In multivariate-adjusted regression analyses, age was a significant (p&amp;le; .001) independent predictor of hypertension (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.04&amp;ndash; 1.09), diabetes (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.02&amp;ndash; 1.04), and dyslipidemia (OR=0.98; 95% CI: 0.97&amp;ndash; 0.99), but not obesity. Our study demonstrates an overwhelmingly high prevalence of the metabolic risk factors related to COVID-19 among Blacks in New York, highlighting disparate metabolic burden among Blacks as a possible mechanism conferring the greater burden of COVID-19 infection and mortality represented in published data.Keywords: COVID-19 burden, blacks, metabolic syndrome, metabolic risk factors, disparities</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="40">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65174">
              <text>2020</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="49">
          <name>Subject</name>
          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65175">
              <text>disparities, metabolic syndrome, Blacks, metabolic risk factors, covid-19 burden</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="48">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65176">
              <text>Biotemas</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="45">
          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65177">
              <text>Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="38">
          <name>Coverage</name>
          <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="65178">
              <text>Specialties of internal medicine</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
</item>
