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                <text>Coronavirus</text>
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                <text>Dominio científico: Coronavirus</text>
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              <text>Cytokine storm modulation in COVID-19: a proposed role for vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i).</text>
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              <text>Marco Infante, Andrea Fabbri, Marcelo Maia Pinheiro</text>
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              <text>A dysregulated immune response characterized by the hyperproduction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (a.k.a. 'cytokine storm') plays a central role in the pathophysiology of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this Perspective article we discuss the evidence for synergistic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties exerted by vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, the latter being a class of antihyperglycemic agents used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, which have also been reported as immunomodulators. Then, we provide the rationale for investigation of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation strategy to ratchet down the virulence of SARS-CoV-2, prevent disease progression and modulate the cytokine storm in COVID-19.</text>
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              <text>2021</text>
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              <text>covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug repurposing, Immunomodulation, cytokine storm, vitamin D, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, DPP-4 inhibitors, VIDPP-4i</text>
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              <text>10.2217/imt-2020-0349</text>
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              <text>Immunotherapy</text>
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